tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18844238396823512652024-03-19T12:35:30.261+01:00Seismic Atlas of SE Asian BasinsCompilation of seismic images of geological features in Southeast Asia basins, related to hydrocarbon potential of this region.
Countries covered in this atlas: Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Thailand, VietnamMinarwan (Min)http://www.blogger.com/profile/01758691030020606859noreply@blogger.comBlogger31125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-16910365294681254842014-04-22T21:58:00.000+02:002019-04-11T04:52:35.495+02:00Salawati and Halmahera Basin <div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVdEp3hzOeEpQNZvekOXMYN-NPGmKaE7J3B5yMaX0sq0wlj9xCA1SRfNp5Os0udcZXAWhEQU4BPNNzMerE3pxhs6hhVrDTOzkp6EjAp7bFqJ1XTkTGM_aBaREAA2rEKyb6x7mLsCSWSIT3/s1600/niko-kofiau-map-seis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVdEp3hzOeEpQNZvekOXMYN-NPGmKaE7J3B5yMaX0sq0wlj9xCA1SRfNp5Os0udcZXAWhEQU4BPNNzMerE3pxhs6hhVrDTOzkp6EjAp7bFqJ1XTkTGM_aBaREAA2rEKyb6x7mLsCSWSIT3/s1600/niko-kofiau-map-seis.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 1. Seismic section across prospects in <br />
Kofiau PSC (Niko Resources)<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil4nnjqMaOF53uO-I8cDeP48ciF9G4PGPJU6AQfk9Fn6zNzQGIDC_yz9N4GKXIGudwC3fX5YUJhb-ln_MCREI5WM54uqjIUnavQvxet6q5Bd13q_UZGNCide8koB2lN_Po1kiKX_u0wHba/s1600/niko-kofiau-map-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil4nnjqMaOF53uO-I8cDeP48ciF9G4PGPJU6AQfk9Fn6zNzQGIDC_yz9N4GKXIGudwC3fX5YUJhb-ln_MCREI5WM54uqjIUnavQvxet6q5Bd13q_UZGNCide8koB2lN_Po1kiKX_u0wHba/s1600/niko-kofiau-map-1.jpg" width="176" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 2. Prospects map in <br />
Kofiau PSC (Niko Resources)</td></tr>
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Niko Resources operates Kofiau Block in the west of Salawati Basin and identified a number of prospects such as Dugong, Gajah, Calon, Ajek, Balig and Elit. Ajek has been drilled in 2013.<br />
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A semi regional seismic line across key structures in Kofiau PSC is displayed in Fig. 3.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXS8laPqhllyxnsAPDTvu3Li91-CyWKpO6-tYHblSOAKLC8k-RCmMvPAmwjnBZDPO6uTCf9zDVV4TivOD1HVEJtwKq7MiD-oI9PBLkfopV5HqoEbXqH8Bd8-yVsIG0dpTbFIMmJlb6khqD/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXS8laPqhllyxnsAPDTvu3Li91-CyWKpO6-tYHblSOAKLC8k-RCmMvPAmwjnBZDPO6uTCf9zDVV4TivOD1HVEJtwKq7MiD-oI9PBLkfopV5HqoEbXqH8Bd8-yVsIG0dpTbFIMmJlb6khqD/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 3 Seismic line across the prospects (Niko Resources)</td></tr>
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A zoom-in seismic section of Balig and Ajek structure is available as Fig. 4. and the strike line across Ajek is displayed in Fig. 5.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFoUz0tGjvRb5KVBkjYpQJlSEDAyr28SgisUMfVCk38LqDnqi62xf_n-oWe-0MkC-mtgPTZ9jplcBp6gPUW_daJkQKVNsc4VcevwCSwjWs1VV3RuuoXVrNpO5JoAHIas9o2bnwPsUEqfnZ/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFoUz0tGjvRb5KVBkjYpQJlSEDAyr28SgisUMfVCk38LqDnqi62xf_n-oWe-0MkC-mtgPTZ9jplcBp6gPUW_daJkQKVNsc4VcevwCSwjWs1VV3RuuoXVrNpO5JoAHIas9o2bnwPsUEqfnZ/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic-3.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 4. Seismic section of Balig and Ajek<br />
structure (Niko Resources)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiljAq3rM54iBPAWREWMmLf9a-VgbfxWGeLBR4dKwT_VCihTu94Dr72n5zP9e4KUD-5NKqOJRicmWdn1-OrMpom2ZWwHZNJSCrRDKnxc0Bq0Kc0Jb46ZqJ-GxdEg82YuSZ2dCEyne0-14Sy/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiljAq3rM54iBPAWREWMmLf9a-VgbfxWGeLBR4dKwT_VCihTu94Dr72n5zP9e4KUD-5NKqOJRicmWdn1-OrMpom2ZWwHZNJSCrRDKnxc0Bq0Kc0Jb46ZqJ-GxdEg82YuSZ2dCEyne0-14Sy/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic-4.jpg" width="320" /></a> <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">Fig. 5. Strike seismic section across<br />
Ajek structure<br />
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Seismic section across Balig and Ajek structure. The seismic reflectors above the yellow horizons are stronger, whilst below they are generally very dim.<br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">A seismic strike line across Ajek structure</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAZDnWi2paQ513vcL0tRS4Op42y6bpF4xzieisC8EBTY_MFnhudEE0KSsQ7nnWFtLBWndEENaIlE88bB6RuRzrXppDGicGK09KZzEkaxUKXMkDpcL-W8m6SSy9h5vRcxoDrJ6BwTVe83LQ/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAZDnWi2paQ513vcL0tRS4Op42y6bpF4xzieisC8EBTY_MFnhudEE0KSsQ7nnWFtLBWndEENaIlE88bB6RuRzrXppDGicGK09KZzEkaxUKXMkDpcL-W8m6SSy9h5vRcxoDrJ6BwTVe83LQ/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic-5.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="text-align: center;">A seismic strike line across Ajek structure</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmyaQjlkh4fYC5_GjdHPr-xVqBLZltnG1MUE7Akg7daJJ2NqW_RY1ehnpHy9rX_EsdJJ7NBsbzxYOpsD3Rc7NzFaN90fvVEBwsUPJvv616P8qLLaq9jm0THBE8dogRTB5b_nRx3RE4kL0/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmyaQjlkh4fYC5_GjdHPr-xVqBLZltnG1MUE7Akg7daJJ2NqW_RY1ehnpHy9rX_EsdJJ7NBsbzxYOpsD3Rc7NzFaN90fvVEBwsUPJvv616P8qLLaq9jm0THBE8dogRTB5b_nRx3RE4kL0/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmyaQjlkh4fYC5_GjdHPr-xVqBLZltnG1MUE7Akg7daJJ2NqW_RY1ehnpHy9rX_EsdJJ7NBsbzxYOpsD3Rc7NzFaN90fvVEBwsUPJvv616P8qLLaq9jm0THBE8dogRTB5b_nRx3RE4kL0/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmyaQjlkh4fYC5_GjdHPr-xVqBLZltnG1MUE7Akg7daJJ2NqW_RY1ehnpHy9rX_EsdJJ7NBsbzxYOpsD3Rc7NzFaN90fvVEBwsUPJvv616P8qLLaq9jm0THBE8dogRTB5b_nRx3RE4kL0/s1600/niko-kofiau-seismic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<u>Reference:</u><br />
http://www.nikoresources.com/upload/media_element/69/01/indonesia-full-presentation-smaller-file.pdf<br />
<br />Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-19586544710454303682014-04-22T21:36:00.001+02:002014-04-22T21:36:23.007+02:00East Palawan Basin<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib6sbveVOp8AfvzczH2nGz1JdNzjGNOyiO8gakTPkDOZjstdspBM4a7n55PCiNfNR4Y6Trs1iiawXiabop5_c4JEiwplXgnDlGaphIdMkc5dkh64z6LBCT2sBxyZ2d7a-gUEdlzjFikNP_/s1600/seabird-searcher-pala-sulu-map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib6sbveVOp8AfvzczH2nGz1JdNzjGNOyiO8gakTPkDOZjstdspBM4a7n55PCiNfNR4Y6Trs1iiawXiabop5_c4JEiwplXgnDlGaphIdMkc5dkh64z6LBCT2sBxyZ2d7a-gUEdlzjFikNP_/s1600/seabird-searcher-pala-sulu-map.jpg" height="320" width="247" /></a></div>
SeaBird Exploration and Searcher Seismic shot 2D seismic lines in East Palawan basin (Fig. 1) and a seismic example is provided as shown in Fig. 2.<br />
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<u>Reference:</u><br />
SeaBird Exploration website: http://www.sbexp.com/multi-client/pala-sulu-2d<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRI4w1cujJ3FH7_7CfSj5-Cd-tDvsSLRMDu1eQrMr9q9IWOBh45pCKD3WlOJEpjtQE9_IPO3AKXvoadjXe6YbWO6Q9MvDylC2tqIvhg14HiIrYSskZ9ZDsGmTME1db6by9u0RG-cIEKta8/s1600/seabird-pala-sulu-seis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRI4w1cujJ3FH7_7CfSj5-Cd-tDvsSLRMDu1eQrMr9q9IWOBh45pCKD3WlOJEpjtQE9_IPO3AKXvoadjXe6YbWO6Q9MvDylC2tqIvhg14HiIrYSskZ9ZDsGmTME1db6by9u0RG-cIEKta8/s1600/seabird-pala-sulu-seis.jpg" height="153" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-42210589487723726432014-04-18T16:39:00.006+02:002014-04-18T17:32:47.392+02:00Table of Content / Basin Index<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black;">The basins and/or regions are sorted using the following index number on the map. The list of the basins is provided below the map.</span></div>
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<u>List of Basins / Regions:</u></div>
<ol>
<li>Sumatra Fore-arc Basins</li>
<li>North Sumatra Basin</li>
<li>Central Sumatra Basin</li>
<li>South Sumatra Basin</li>
<li>Bengkulu Basin</li>
<li>Sunda Asri Basin</li>
<li>Northwest Java Basin</li>
<li>South Java Basin</li>
<li>Northeast Java Basin</li>
<li>The Lesser Sunda Islands</li>
<li>Timor Sea Region</li>
<li>Kai-Tanimbar and Weber Basin</li>
<li>Arafura Sea & Akimeugah Basin</li>
<li>Waiponga / Waropen region</li>
<li>Misool-Onin High and Bintuni Basin</li>
<li>Salawati Basin & Halmahera Basins</li>
<li>Banda-Buton Region</li>
<li>Banggai-Sula </li>
<li>Gorontalo Basin</li>
<li>North Sulawesi Basin</li>
<li>Tarakan Basin Complex</li>
<li>Kutei Basin</li>
<li>Makassar Strait Basins</li>
<li>Barito & Asem-asem Basin</li>
<li>Southwest Borneo Basins (Melawi, Ketungau, Pembuang)</li>
<li>Natuna Sea Region</li>
<li>Malay Basin</li>
<li>Pattani Basin</li>
<li>Irrawady-Andaman Basin & Central Burma Basin</li>
<li>Bengal Basin</li>
<li>Khorat Basin</li>
<li>Nam Con Son Basin</li>
<li>Cuu Long Basin</li>
<li>Phu Khanh Basin</li>
<li>Song Hong / Yinggehai Basin</li>
<li>Beibuwan Basin</li>
<li>Qiongdongnan Basin</li>
<li>Hoang Sa & Truong Sa Basin (Paracel and Spratly Islands)</li>
<li>Sarawak / Luconia Basin</li>
<li>Baram / Sabah Basin</li>
<li>Southwest & Northwest Palawan</li>
<li>East Palawan Basin</li>
<li>Sandakan Basin</li>
<li>West Luzon</li>
<li>East Philippines Basins (South East Luzon / Visayan Basin / Cotabato-Davao Basin)</li>
</ol>
Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-61451735022728211652014-04-17T18:15:00.002+02:002014-04-18T17:33:41.518+02:00Nam Con SonNam Con Son Basin is the southern most sedimentary basin offshore Vietnam. The majority of the basin is located in a shallow water (less than 200 meters) but to the north the bathymetry can goes deeper than 2000 meters.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVVRMTk3fBKbA2oMP-BrjtCMNVgthD6jIWyKN_bRCuhxbS2PiW05vn12lEcrYfmZyqukh7eeujY5xTmVAnqizojXOfdPd67yS3AV9J1nwTTWjWqr8rnJvgiduqduJ8UaQAxb_ky2p9C4J5/s1600/viet-ncs-map-nam-con-son.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVVRMTk3fBKbA2oMP-BrjtCMNVgthD6jIWyKN_bRCuhxbS2PiW05vn12lEcrYfmZyqukh7eeujY5xTmVAnqizojXOfdPd67yS3AV9J1nwTTWjWqr8rnJvgiduqduJ8UaQAxb_ky2p9C4J5/s1600/viet-ncs-map-nam-con-son.jpg" height="320" width="242" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQv8j6j8kQtbPPVDROOClLldfVKRPHOtmnZ0B7MI_gyflXn0L0bnoaFMIcYMmERxKyU4WEC_Z9ekiMhZzO2dJbotiyzLtRPxLX0Kvs7iyJLeDlv9PrP2wUBRuONlHzs5uQQqLJwkw1VH8Q/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-strat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQv8j6j8kQtbPPVDROOClLldfVKRPHOtmnZ0B7MI_gyflXn0L0bnoaFMIcYMmERxKyU4WEC_Z9ekiMhZzO2dJbotiyzLtRPxLX0Kvs7iyJLeDlv9PrP2wUBRuONlHzs5uQQqLJwkw1VH8Q/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-strat.jpg" height="238" title="Stratigraphy of Nam Con Son Basin (Swiecicki & Maynard, 2009)" width="320" /></a><br />
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Key seismic sections were published by Swiecicki and Maynard (2009):<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxAbYw4utYzjqqUMt-BreaMW1gKTicD7EUp6gnIilSyHAxEVWJDqcNR0z6UGuCvd5V2OQmObeFGmZaqW6mU_Ghf55djh60qyO19o_ilJnUmWzD1D_CXigKPVilxskZLG27RcTXqtb-beDn/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxAbYw4utYzjqqUMt-BreaMW1gKTicD7EUp6gnIilSyHAxEVWJDqcNR0z6UGuCvd5V2OQmObeFGmZaqW6mU_Ghf55djh60qyO19o_ilJnUmWzD1D_CXigKPVilxskZLG27RcTXqtb-beDn/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-1.jpg" height="228" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Seismic expression of rifting events</b> (Swiecicki & Maynard, 2009) shows 2 major rifting episodes:<br />
1) Oligocene- Early Miocene rift system (Oligocene North-South extension)<br />
2) Middle Miocene - Pleistocene rift system (Middle Miocene NW-SE extension)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn7_OrPvIORN6qJgeM033uIGBd0-ntWbjbem_0NQGGN9d5lZcWpci5D_tSuQN4DGS-O55vY_b3CBDojLGK8NxYuTv5DL9Cjwp-zwI3B4-BlROmlw7iDYgnsPFxDeBdO9e0JdrhlxKz8LHW/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn7_OrPvIORN6qJgeM033uIGBd0-ntWbjbem_0NQGGN9d5lZcWpci5D_tSuQN4DGS-O55vY_b3CBDojLGK8NxYuTv5DL9Cjwp-zwI3B4-BlROmlw7iDYgnsPFxDeBdO9e0JdrhlxKz8LHW/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-2.jpg" height="201" width="320" /></a><br />
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<b>Regional cross section</b><br />
Lan Tay and Hoa Dao structure complex on a NW-SE regional seismic line by Restrepo-Pace (2007).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd23wPBSsvG5HH47cOhyphenhyphenMvsKfKNL5dBUNKEVWk_yAfqdV3b99ri9WrHn6nwo5aWajkcNS5eJ9HVovau50VaD_qsqEJ7ZMs0zzVUoOdPbdOwRQb_BcogHLq7Fa9xkyFqeXf96sF9Ej3Q-tn/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd23wPBSsvG5HH47cOhyphenhyphenMvsKfKNL5dBUNKEVWk_yAfqdV3b99ri9WrHn6nwo5aWajkcNS5eJ9HVovau50VaD_qsqEJ7ZMs0zzVUoOdPbdOwRQb_BcogHLq7Fa9xkyFqeXf96sF9Ej3Q-tn/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-3.jpg" height="205" width="320" /></a></div>
<b>1st Rift system</b><br />
Tien Cau syn-rift and Cau post rift as indicated on seismic.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_JeG1b1y2vcKtBkJ36LCBDtagmYRbc9GiIVzuT5lMekm3WTKChWHXXDLAzdH-1aTO8ZxV8lIRN9339Km1uLQUN4YzD-3vsZ-kmQb4PaTiSwpuc3QQD-Pr-O9mWMvMTK3MFulT3RLLg-SR/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_JeG1b1y2vcKtBkJ36LCBDtagmYRbc9GiIVzuT5lMekm3WTKChWHXXDLAzdH-1aTO8ZxV8lIRN9339Km1uLQUN4YzD-3vsZ-kmQb4PaTiSwpuc3QQD-Pr-O9mWMvMTK3MFulT3RLLg-SR/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-4.jpg" height="207" width="320" /></a><br />
<b>2nd Post rift deposits</b><br />
Seismic details on Dua Formation, Early Miocene in age<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaRcpENMrxr_Lgpkl474OCtcnpaG3RvdOt5mpS4M4S1W7Z0JvKgvVMJy1g9X-ZgL0tYiJeHX2Xv316vXRz3hbxRqX3FPbuCnvilEVZmK5ngooVQ3bQk8hgqFnWF6BQvdRlz0rhFAES7cPK/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaRcpENMrxr_Lgpkl474OCtcnpaG3RvdOt5mpS4M4S1W7Z0JvKgvVMJy1g9X-ZgL0tYiJeHX2Xv316vXRz3hbxRqX3FPbuCnvilEVZmK5ngooVQ3bQk8hgqFnWF6BQvdRlz0rhFAES7cPK/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-5.jpg" height="208" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Mang Cau Syn-Rift 2</b><br />
Significant thickening towards Hoa Dao high is observed in this seismic section.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHpjQvUf6Re6H7N2rSczqFhYigY8hOgVAJbw9LKUcSEeVsnQ4Lk961NDeqbsvg6Uh4OybS8qlFfNj1wEoP14wvL_D9C4tzjwudAfY1RHX9mb0kpMea6iY619y7_A3l8Lh7rUj8AGoBio35/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHpjQvUf6Re6H7N2rSczqFhYigY8hOgVAJbw9LKUcSEeVsnQ4Lk961NDeqbsvg6Uh4OybS8qlFfNj1wEoP14wvL_D9C4tzjwudAfY1RHX9mb0kpMea6iY619y7_A3l8Lh7rUj8AGoBio35/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-6.jpg" height="218" width="320" /></a></div>
<b>Nam Con Son Post Rift 2.</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjcC8EkPQrc5s2hN65iy13GXTheCMNE-W7xOOazrLnGegBWB4bCw4vegR9NDzxXdXUJSymWgWVJgiHXmIdPIVwqSqZDOfEEzzvXMlCTrYKdPtNcywOdNeXEEeR2OjLkfdqM3mW_gQRsfi2/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjcC8EkPQrc5s2hN65iy13GXTheCMNE-W7xOOazrLnGegBWB4bCw4vegR9NDzxXdXUJSymWgWVJgiHXmIdPIVwqSqZDOfEEzzvXMlCTrYKdPtNcywOdNeXEEeR2OjLkfdqM3mW_gQRsfi2/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-7.jpg" height="205" width="320" /></a><br />
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<b>Bien Dong - Post rift sag phase</b><br />
Progradational sequence on top of bathyal shales (transparant unit)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwxVNJfdEH0MSiEvkXvAM-gbmZ17g4HTnFJTTetKVXd5xcakGAbEb5_VsPxewfo-GcokHykw-mHBJWgZrhHXiOJiRiYKBLBRNlU0nwjhP4adShZ8VG1ajwseVTz-sW_961wQ1ohDDX_LVg/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwxVNJfdEH0MSiEvkXvAM-gbmZ17g4HTnFJTTetKVXd5xcakGAbEb5_VsPxewfo-GcokHykw-mHBJWgZrhHXiOJiRiYKBLBRNlU0nwjhP4adShZ8VG1ajwseVTz-sW_961wQ1ohDDX_LVg/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-8.jpg" height="206" width="320" /></a></div>
<b>Bien Dong - Post rift sag phase</b><br />
Progradational sequence on top of bathyal shales (transparant unit)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF_UE2LqlPl0hTxV27r70zhUm7JDTodx3jdZWMgJZjDW7hlewbg84fail7gJDL1-MUweNMdqrWEseolncCKV64cW5Lvv9DY7OE9-iQo3pO2fMd3wSNFLLev4VzxpLx9dveUt62VAiwcXRJ/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF_UE2LqlPl0hTxV27r70zhUm7JDTodx3jdZWMgJZjDW7hlewbg84fail7gJDL1-MUweNMdqrWEseolncCKV64cW5Lvv9DY7OE9-iQo3pO2fMd3wSNFLLev4VzxpLx9dveUt62VAiwcXRJ/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-9.jpg" height="179" width="200" /></a></div>
<b>Bien Dong channels</b><br />
Time slice showing the channel complex.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG998TrPWOPDqDdX7eLhPa53_xxyiVgDMTCgyHrBpHM7NYI9zQ_yS7j_feEhyphenhyphenyf0aalxNWjGPKXoXa3kaXzv7MuG6m3fsQmnkvEXKAKWzmsw_VqAuBJNnSPFUaEe9yIsstkhh1t9Vy8pIZ/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG998TrPWOPDqDdX7eLhPa53_xxyiVgDMTCgyHrBpHM7NYI9zQ_yS7j_feEhyphenhyphenyf0aalxNWjGPKXoXa3kaXzv7MuG6m3fsQmnkvEXKAKWzmsw_VqAuBJNnSPFUaEe9yIsstkhh1t9Vy8pIZ/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-10.jpg" height="210" width="320" /></a><br />
<b>Eearly Pliocene (LBD) Channel System</b><br />
Time slide and seismic section in both strike and dip directions.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwDkbDLI320qi8KEpwLmmcmyWpg-xAT8uJVg55f_kjQfX0HA6roG3wP_P92EEy5ZxqkXnu70zyIysmqPJv2aJBi-qDC_aair6o-26UGGMOjKzu3ds3hduNVDELv83go9MgBxBdxMOEy1cl/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwDkbDLI320qi8KEpwLmmcmyWpg-xAT8uJVg55f_kjQfX0HA6roG3wP_P92EEy5ZxqkXnu70zyIysmqPJv2aJBi-qDC_aair6o-26UGGMOjKzu3ds3hduNVDELv83go9MgBxBdxMOEy1cl/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-11.jpg" height="206" width="320" /></a></div>
<b>Upper Bien Dong progradational system</b><br />
Petronas Tower as a scale for the canyon system on the left.<br />
Comparing seismic sections and time slice.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdiZd7Hx16WeNC9W_u1YQCkJAciMoZ8t4V6Ud-J84-CAiSs9PCrjCBzvj7hDJMbmqTyBid8cahj5OAJIps5U8uPAU2T8zKNNcZD5o03LqDH09xWqysI6PWSkdgmHH0D2F8THWxr4RHwBUU/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdiZd7Hx16WeNC9W_u1YQCkJAciMoZ8t4V6Ud-J84-CAiSs9PCrjCBzvj7hDJMbmqTyBid8cahj5OAJIps5U8uPAU2T8zKNNcZD5o03LqDH09xWqysI6PWSkdgmHH0D2F8THWxr4RHwBUU/s1600/viet-ncs-seis-swiecicki-12.jpg" height="205" width="320" /></a><b>Upper Bien Dong progradational system</b><br />
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<u>Reference: </u><br />
Swiecicki, T. and Maynard, K., 2009, Geology and Sequence Stratigraphy of Block 06/94, Nam Con Son Basin, Offshore Vietnam, SEAPEXDarmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-67934459560490468002013-12-10T21:53:00.002+01:002014-04-18T17:33:13.085+02:00Song Hong / Yinggehai Basin<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2dGkqZ_JpF3P6IiPysGBKjHMwK3kFrLwHgPFRivfMO_13F2RXB1Qz5alfuRqFyjPEqqer8FvvGpDLU7z35IHuI_R3vuJyO6FII6T_So4pNTRNEpW6EjEYKrOvylWxlTpG6FZpHOL2hZ2T/s1600/viet-map-song-hong-detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2dGkqZ_JpF3P6IiPysGBKjHMwK3kFrLwHgPFRivfMO_13F2RXB1Qz5alfuRqFyjPEqqer8FvvGpDLU7z35IHuI_R3vuJyO6FII6T_So4pNTRNEpW6EjEYKrOvylWxlTpG6FZpHOL2hZ2T/s1600/viet-map-song-hong-detail.jpg" height="200" width="155" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 2 Detail map of the Beibu Gulf with<br />
Song Hong / Yinggehai Basin, <br />
showing wells and seismic locations</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCkwuRYMZdkDpeXr9inGibFbS3lv-k6JSizgtm9qoZahuaOfeJetIMwbmTUcUj1AkUT_YHz-AUkut3Eofg88QqdAfjG17UgTI090eKdTWU_AjT8MScTe_0f3wT_sYloKXRJZJZi1Knl-LN/s1600/viet-map-song-hong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCkwuRYMZdkDpeXr9inGibFbS3lv-k6JSizgtm9qoZahuaOfeJetIMwbmTUcUj1AkUT_YHz-AUkut3Eofg88QqdAfjG17UgTI090eKdTWU_AjT8MScTe_0f3wT_sYloKXRJZJZi1Knl-LN/s1600/viet-map-song-hong.jpg" height="200" width="151" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig.1 Sedimentary basins offshore Indochina.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
The southeast extension of Red River Fault generated a rift basin offshore west of Hainan Island (Fig. 1). The Vietnamese called it Song Hong Basin and the Chinese called it Yinggehai Basin. The basin has NW-SE orientation, parallel to the Red River Fault system.<br />
<br />
The maximum water depth in Beibu Gulf is less than 200 m and it is getting deeper towards the south when it is open up to the South China Sea. A number of wells have been drilled in this area with oil and gas discoveries (Fig. 2). Several seismic lines were published:<br />
<br />
A & B are perpendicular to Red River Fault system.<br />
C is parallel to the Red River Fault system.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcly5YqGxx7wXZVKQLl0kUzsmtlC_fK9XS9K1ebn-w-DSZzXF09tEnvb1upTtdO9KVcqzH2xN-6jQ5VYMp5helIBWZqYswixFE-dx-l_vBYC5OTW8dkXQDwLocBncexUkzvJwRatDigCcr/s1600/viet-seis-song-hong-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcly5YqGxx7wXZVKQLl0kUzsmtlC_fK9XS9K1ebn-w-DSZzXF09tEnvb1upTtdO9KVcqzH2xN-6jQ5VYMp5helIBWZqYswixFE-dx-l_vBYC5OTW8dkXQDwLocBncexUkzvJwRatDigCcr/s1600/viet-seis-song-hong-4.jpg" height="153" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">
Fig. 3. Section A, located to the north of the basin. A graben </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
system was opened up as part of the Red River Fault system</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
( Nielsen et al, 1999)</div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3d0aA5y_ccukwmYp8ws8BQzsnlR9IKJobgmG3PUdDrIoGwZlhVJfmynRj_eFhq3Jq2oTY4ibplyyanZlVAKJhcaEmvA900wxCh21BNy0yL4Ki0Q8_My4F3aBf1aHc7YN2eGhrLIArxkI1/s1600/viet-seis-song-hong-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3d0aA5y_ccukwmYp8ws8BQzsnlR9IKJobgmG3PUdDrIoGwZlhVJfmynRj_eFhq3Jq2oTY4ibplyyanZlVAKJhcaEmvA900wxCh21BNy0yL4Ki0Q8_My4F3aBf1aHc7YN2eGhrLIArxkI1/s1600/viet-seis-song-hong-1.jpg" height="125" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">
Fig. 4. Section B, Line 89-I-36A shows a series of horst </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
and graben system in the lower section, below B horizon </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
( Nielsen et al, 1999)</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtenptW7PnGipGEsYrZCP4RH8iaWrHC9_o90Z-dxtVd1FdKhkdJgBkZ1xR1mAzlqbDK8IU0j-S_Z-BZddpUYnM98OTzSz6-ilaMaLQgOm51vU31Wva5Zbj8id0832PFIkXboPIX7_ho8L2/s1600/viet-seis-song-hong-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtenptW7PnGipGEsYrZCP4RH8iaWrHC9_o90Z-dxtVd1FdKhkdJgBkZ1xR1mAzlqbDK8IU0j-S_Z-BZddpUYnM98OTzSz6-ilaMaLQgOm51vU31Wva5Zbj8id0832PFIkXboPIX7_ho8L2/s1600/viet-seis-song-hong-2.jpg" height="161" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">
Fig 5. Section C. 90-I-C65 line, SW-NE orientation, </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
perpendicular to Red River Fault system ( Nielsen et al, 1999)</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGv7MhBRCJ5MDZNkRcUIGJOoTK85Pmxa3yyNaVU9AkOuMsXaHg5_hGciV2UjECMy8mLGsq8BFqSizQMOHpfFMwKe0CNPXerfbfOK-bSHgerm31pAX3MIO7LzmLEkGjqJmJ1oNjmPEGKwiN/s1600/viet-seis-song-hong-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGv7MhBRCJ5MDZNkRcUIGJOoTK85Pmxa3yyNaVU9AkOuMsXaHg5_hGciV2UjECMy8mLGsq8BFqSizQMOHpfFMwKe0CNPXerfbfOK-bSHgerm31pAX3MIO7LzmLEkGjqJmJ1oNjmPEGKwiN/s1600/viet-seis-song-hong-3.jpg" height="146" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">
Fig. 6. Section D. Line 89-I-62 with NW-SE orientation, </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
parallel to Red River Fault system ( Nielsen et al, 1999)<br />
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<u>Reference: </u></div>
<div style="font-size: 13px;">
Nielsen, L.H., Mathiesen, A., Bidstrup, T., Vejbñk, O.V., Dien, P.T., Tiem, P.V., 1999. Modelling of hydrocarbon generation in the Cenozoic Song Hong Basin, Vietnam; a highly prospective basin. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17, 269±294.</div>
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</div>
Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-71870584808145711712013-06-08T16:16:00.001+02:002014-04-18T17:11:18.798+02:00The Lesser Sunda Islands<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Seismic Expression of Tectonic Features in the Lesser
Sunda Islands, <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Herman Darman<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Introduction<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Sunda Arc is a chain of
islands in the southern part of <st1:country-region w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:country-region>,
cored by active volcanoes (Fig. 1). The western part of the Sunda arc is dominated
by the large islands of Sumatra and Java, and is commonly called ‘the <st1:place w:st="on">Greater Sunda Islands</st1:place>’. The tectonics in this part is
dominated by the oceanic subduction below the Asian continental plate. Towards
the east the islands are much smaller and are called ‘the <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser
Sunda Islands</st1:place>’. The transition from oceanic subduction to
continent-island arc collision developed in this area.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Sunda Arc has long been
considered as a classical accretionary margin system where the Indo-Australian
oceanic plate is underthrust beneath the Asian continent, active since the Late
Oligocene (<st1:city w:st="on">Hamilton</st1:city>,
1979). At the eastern end of the Sunda Arc the convergent system changes from
oceanic subduction to continent-island arc collision of the <st1:placename w:st="on">Scott</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Plateau</st1:placename>,
part of the Australian continent, colliding with the Banda island arc and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place>
in between. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipC_doTYSePDxHI-5cL_wB4w_94Ce5G0QxJ4hUlnDGDdHFzpO5xInAtortTa8S2oZmg177tgHWWsAuicEE3mJSZp8_H_CtTW_CHYc-QwFuaEiu9BIKafCr_gY39bcDg7BWjZv8iVk3_n5U/s1600/less-fig1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipC_doTYSePDxHI-5cL_wB4w_94Ce5G0QxJ4hUlnDGDdHFzpO5xInAtortTa8S2oZmg177tgHWWsAuicEE3mJSZp8_H_CtTW_CHYc-QwFuaEiu9BIKafCr_gY39bcDg7BWjZv8iVk3_n5U/s320/less-fig1.JPG" height="266" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure 1. </b>Map of Southeast Asia showing
the different crustal type in the region and the location map of the <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser Sunda Islands</st1:place> (after Doust & Lijmbach 1997). </i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser Sunda Islands</st1:place> are also called the inner-arc
islands. The formation of these islands are related to the subduction along the
Java Trench Bali Island is located in the west of the Lesser Sunda Islands and
Alor Island at the east end (Fig. 1). To the south of the inner-arc islands, an
accretionary wedge formed the outer-arc ridge. The ridge is subaerially exposed
in the east as Savu and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Timor</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place>. The northwest of
the <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser Sunda Islands</st1:place> are underlain by a
Late Cretaceous Accretionary Crust, which changes to an oceanic crust in the
northeast (Doust & Lijmbach, 1997).</span> The <st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype>
has a unique orientation and the origin of the island is still debated (<st1:place w:st="on">Rutherford</st1:place> et al., 2001).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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The aim of this article is to
provide a broad overview about the structures of the tectonic units based on
some selected seismic lines. These lines also give a better geological
understanding, including recent processes that developed in the area.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Seismic data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">A number of
surveys have been deployed to acquire seismic data in this area. Selected seismic
data used for this article were acquired in the following expeditions:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">- R. V. Vema
cruise 28 and R. V. Robert Conrad cruise 11 (in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Hamilton</st1:place></st1:city>, 1979)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">- Rama 12
expedition (Prasetyo, 1992; Scripps Institute of Oceanography, </span><a href="http://www.ig.utexas.edu/sdc/">http://www.ig.utexas.edu/sdc/</a><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">- R. V. Baruna
Jaya late 90’s (Krabbenhoeft, A., 2010) for bathymetric data acquisition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">- R. V. Sonne, cruise SO190 (L</span>üschen
et al, 2011)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
- CGG
Veritas Spec. Survey (Rigg & Hall, 2012)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
-
ION-GXT JavaSPAN 2008 (Granath et al, 2011)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Apart from the
surveys mentioned above, there are other surveys which contributed significant
pieces of information to help geoscientists in understanding the geology of the
region. During the Snellius-2 Expedition, for example, Van Weering et al., (1989)
have also acquired a number of seismic sections in the area, but later surveys
have gathered improved seismic images. Prasetyo (1992) reported seismic
reflection and gravity data from this area as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
earlier surveys, such as R. V. Vema and R. V. Robert Conrad in <st1:city w:st="on">Hamilton</st1:city> (1979) provided limited data mainly
confined to information on bathymetry and shallow depth of image. The later
images, acquired by CGG Veritas are considered as a modern industry standard for
seismic, providing seismic images down to 8 seconds Two-Way-Time. Recent long
cable with improved technology by ION helped to acquire seismic more than 10 km
deep. These ION deeper sections help geoscientists to acquire a better
understanding about the basement.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Tectonic features<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser Sunda Islands</st1:place> area consists of several tectonic
units (Fig. 2). Several regional seismic sections were shot across these features.
Some lines give a better geological understanding about the composition and the
tectonic processes. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgqvT719LVVbX51tmLe3pWuf543wQwGXmZv_rEMa0kVfgSN-wbeCr0pETmFp84lemEvZGxTvBIJd9uQ1JsDfS6YM1-jY6YKUrXy0Yui1cwhYN8c6FRhXFHXzzlxF7U-Ne3v8n4KjgdCqMg/s1600/less-fig2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgqvT719LVVbX51tmLe3pWuf543wQwGXmZv_rEMa0kVfgSN-wbeCr0pETmFp84lemEvZGxTvBIJd9uQ1JsDfS6YM1-jY6YKUrXy0Yui1cwhYN8c6FRhXFHXzzlxF7U-Ne3v8n4KjgdCqMg/s320/less-fig2.JPG" height="300" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure 2.</b> Structural map of the <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser
Sunda Islands</st1:place>, showing the main tectonic units, main faults,
bathymetry and location of seismic sections discussed in this paper.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>1. Outer-arc Ridge<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
outer-arc ridge or also called the fore-arc ridge is an accretionary wedge
formed by the subduction of the Indian plate. In the west of the Lesser Sunda
Island region, the Outer Arc Ridge formed about 3000 m below sea level,
parallel to the Inner Arc. To the east, the outer-arc ridge exposed sub
aerially as the outer-arc islands of Roti and <st1:place w:st="on">Timor</st1:place>.
(Fig. 2).These islands are mainly composed of raised shallow and deep marine
sediments. Mud diapers and mud volcanoes are common in the outer-arc islands
(Hamilton, 1979; Zaim, 2012). The outer arc is bounded by the Java Trench which
marked the subduction point in the south. The northern margin of the Outer Arc
Ridge is partly covered by the fore-arc basin sediment fill.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnp6wkQVLjHPVjWJ-Lcr6QjS9BT5K4ztdwchqDbaC_0yWZRIl8Pq8JvbAb_-nWaarZFkDkU4IwEfncnZliksKMBxAUgVa0a0kLpEzTrSD6jZbcBHQOOGwxYOeLndM-ylQDzB6e0CuOnJ0L/s1600/less-fig3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnp6wkQVLjHPVjWJ-Lcr6QjS9BT5K4ztdwchqDbaC_0yWZRIl8Pq8JvbAb_-nWaarZFkDkU4IwEfncnZliksKMBxAUgVa0a0kLpEzTrSD6jZbcBHQOOGwxYOeLndM-ylQDzB6e0CuOnJ0L/s320/less-fig3.JPG" height="320" width="260" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure. 3.</b> Six 15 km deep seismic
sections acquired by BGR from west to east traversing oceanic crust, deep sea trench, accretionary prism, outer arc high and fore-arc basin, derived from
Kirchoff prestack depth migration (PreSDM) with a frequency range of 4-60 Hz.
Profile BGR06-313 shows exemplarily a velocity-depth model according to
refraction/wide-angle seismic tomography on coincident profile P31 (modified
after <span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">L</span>üschen et al, 2011).</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure
3 shows regional seismic sections acquired by the Sonne cruise in the region.
Section - A, B, C and D in this figure (from Lüschen et al, 2011) show similar
patterns of the outer-arc ridge. The subduction zone after the trench and the
accretionary complex are well imaged. Lüschen (2011), also provide detail
seismic images of Section B in Figure 4, showing the structures of the
outer-arc ridge. The outer-arc ridge is a structurally complex unit with a
series of thrust faults (Fig. 4A and further detail in Fig 4B). Some of these faults generated topographical
relief on top of the outer-arc ridge and formed ‘piggy-back basins’, which are
filled with recent sediments from surrounding structural highs. On seismic
these sediments appear as brighter and relatively flat reflectors all the way
up to the surface (Fig. 4C).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Section
E and F in the east of the area show different patterns compared to the western
4 sections. The outer-arc ridge in Figure 3E has a
gentle relief and the thrust faults are not as clear as the sections in the
west. Figure 3F also shows a gentle relief but much wider (reformulate). The difference
between the four seismic profiles in the west and the two in the east, reflect
the transition from oceanic subduction to continent in the west to
continent-island arc collision in the east (Kopp, 2011).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>2. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Fore-arc</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>.
<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Depressions
in the seabed between the inner volcanic arc and the outer-arc are known as
fore-arc basins. The fore-arc basin in the west is called the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Lombok</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>
and the water depth of this basin is about 4000 to 5000 m deep (Fig. 2). <st1:placename w:st="on">Savu</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype>
is the fore-arc basin located in the east of the Lesser Sunda Islands,
separated from the Lombok basin by <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place>. In parts the
water depth of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Savu</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place> is deeper than 2000
m.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjreC_lpI9fqxQvRW6cemCiTz85YUgK90fHckN0qKZOXMso8EgE2CGpX1nMvDFA5bPYo6gcABLoIQOkRI7vaFtpOZZZCRIbeSxISICrCelpgmPlUg0Y0CAmgyzDbAd82Rlhj3nKeQ2vxVgV/s1600/less-fig4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjreC_lpI9fqxQvRW6cemCiTz85YUgK90fHckN0qKZOXMso8EgE2CGpX1nMvDFA5bPYo6gcABLoIQOkRI7vaFtpOZZZCRIbeSxISICrCelpgmPlUg0Y0CAmgyzDbAd82Rlhj3nKeQ2vxVgV/s320/less-fig4.JPG" height="320" width="246" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure. 4.</b> Detail sections of
BGR06-303. A) Outer-arc ridge with thrust faults which formed the accretionary
complex. B) Detail section of A) showing the trench sediment fill and the
thrust faults in the north of the section. C) Detail section of A) showing the
sediment fills of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Piggy-Back</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>, with relatively
undisturbed flat surface on the north. The active fault has disturbed the
continuation of the sediments in the south of the section.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A
series of north dipping thrust faults are clearly seen in the close up of these
seismic sections as shown in Figure 4. A closer detail display of fault system
in the trench is shown in Figure 4. A small sediment accommodation space
developed in the trench. Recent sediments have filled this small depocentre,
indicated by flat sea bottom on seismic sections.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">L</span>üschen et al, 2011, also indicated
a <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Piggy-Back</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place> developed in the centre of the
Outer Arc Ridge by the thrust fault system. These basins are generally small
and filled with recent sediments. Similar to the trench deposit, these basins
are characterized by semi parallel reflectors with flat surfaces (Fig.4).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Savu
fore-arc basin developed in the east of the <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser Sunda
islands</st1:place>, where there is now a change from oceanic subduction to
arc-continent collision (Rigg and Hall, 2012). The <st1:placename w:st="on">Savu</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype> is bounded to the west by the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">island</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename></st1:place> and by a submarine ridge (the
Sumba Ridge) that crosses the fore-arc obliquely in an NW-SE direction. The
basin is narrowing to the east. To volcanic island arc bounded the north part
of the basin (Fig. 1).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6hfzzGQnqcdRyqADx2p4cyt4DrTRw1Dr-CIQn0fzgcpzjowtlMp9DULji-p-meETmKrjkKR_UzWF784ogwJtUOFqAr-bPphfowJxWeALAyhywYgSCMlxIIx0SgUey90RbfR890Si6U2rp/s1600/less-fig7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6hfzzGQnqcdRyqADx2p4cyt4DrTRw1Dr-CIQn0fzgcpzjowtlMp9DULji-p-meETmKrjkKR_UzWF784ogwJtUOFqAr-bPphfowJxWeALAyhywYgSCMlxIIx0SgUey90RbfR890Si6U2rp/s320/less-fig7.JPG" height="320" width="236" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure 5.</b> North-south seismic sections
across <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Savu</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>. A) Rama expedition seismic, shows
the relationship of the outer-arc ridge, <st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype> high, Savu basin and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Flores</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place>
in the north. B) Another Rama expedition seismic in the centre of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Savu</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>.
C) A CGG Veritas seismic lines parallel to section 6B with higher resolution
image with the seismo-stratigraphic unit interpretation in D).</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure5A
and 5B shows 2 regional seismic sections across the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Savu</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>,
acquired during Rama expedition in early 1980’s. The section on the west (Fig. 5A)
shows the narrow part of the basin, with the southern flank of the volcanic arc
(<st1:placename w:st="on">Flores</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype>)
in the north and the east continuation of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place>
high in the south. A detail section of the southern margin of the basin is
shown in Fig. 5C with seismo-stratigraphic interpretation (Fig 5 D) by Rigg and
Hall (2012). At the south end of this section Unit 1 is uplifted and thrust
northwards towards the basin and Units 2, 3 and 4 are largely missing and
interpreted to have been redeposited in the basin as Unit 4. Figure 5D shows a
significant southward thinning of Unit 3 and 4. Steep dipping of the base of
Unit2 are probably controlled by faults. Unit 3 contain a brighter reflective
package which wedges out to the north. A rather transparent seismic package
developed in the north part of the unit. The top of Unit 4 is relatively
undisturbed in the distal part.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>3. Inner Arc –
Volcanic<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
Inner volcanic arc islands are some of the simplest geological structures
within this complex region, and are certainly simpler than the outer-arc
islands. The islands arc is basically a chain of young oceanic volcanic
islands, often ringed by reef limestones or by other sedimentary material that
has eroded from the main body of the island and built up between the tongues of
lava and other extrusions. In general, the origins or basal materials of these
islands become progressively younger from west to east, following the evolution
of the Banda Arc eastward from the Sumba Fracture (Monk et al, 1997). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNcf9BVkFVigyHLXCxwLvLBTF33DOZOYmQezYLZSEDj4C5k0fFy4E7gydbs2_7bI9nCwlMzqxGLa-GB3tonW_yyGfBJuIYTXn2ehYv9rHvVwpxQhZcadqiDYNixiBOY3yJ7WDqG3E-dxPe/s1600/less-fig5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNcf9BVkFVigyHLXCxwLvLBTF33DOZOYmQezYLZSEDj4C5k0fFy4E7gydbs2_7bI9nCwlMzqxGLa-GB3tonW_yyGfBJuIYTXn2ehYv9rHvVwpxQhZcadqiDYNixiBOY3yJ7WDqG3E-dxPe/s320/less-fig5.JPG" height="184" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure 6.</b> Seismic-reflection profile
across Bali-Lombok volcanic ridge, acquired by R. V. Robbert Conrad cruise 11 (<st1:city w:st="on">Hamilton</st1:city>, 1979). The
crest and north flank of the outer-arc ridge are mantled by pelagic sediments,
whereas the south flank is not; this may record increasingly intensity of
deformation within the mélange wedge southward toward the Java Trench. Strata
within the outer-arc basin display basinal downfolding which decreases upward.
The volcanic ridge is made irregular by volcanoes, fault blocks, and folds
which affect the sedimentary cover.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Figure
6 shows a seismic section acquired between Bali and Lombok island by Robert
Conrad cruise 11 (<st1:city w:st="on">Hamilton</st1:city>,
1979). The volcanic ridge is made irregular by volcanoes, fault blocks, and
folds which affect the sedimentary cover (Fig. 6). The southern flank of the
volcanic ridge is rich of volcanic deposits. A smaller sea bottom high in the
north is probably formed by volcanic intrusion (Fig. 7). <o:p></o:p><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii0AW_9JDhI0Tt8VBoo4sypQ85tF4jDeJW-tZ6M4B7jKdRjijp66WJCs4XbmTvj-BEi5KWPvIi3l0LlKtI-G01G64k6ALxg8xAeWVCk6l5Xj_nXGnBQ249cWi8FEPQGPnwvmYVFTwDEJAk/s1600/less-fig6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii0AW_9JDhI0Tt8VBoo4sypQ85tF4jDeJW-tZ6M4B7jKdRjijp66WJCs4XbmTvj-BEi5KWPvIi3l0LlKtI-G01G64k6ALxg8xAeWVCk6l5Xj_nXGnBQ249cWi8FEPQGPnwvmYVFTwDEJAk/s320/less-fig6.JPG" height="178" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure 7.</b> Block diagram of the southern
part of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Lombok</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place>. The surface is a gradients map
of bathymetric data. Gradients are draped on perspective view of bathymetric
relief. Trench, outer wedge, slope break and inner wedge are indicated. The
sections is modeled based on sea bottom profile (after Krabbenhoeft et al,
2010).</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>4. Continental shelf edge<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
Australian Continental Shelf is located in the southeast of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Lesser-Sunda</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Islands</st1:placetype></st1:place>. The edge of this continent is interpreted
to be in the north side of Sumba and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Timor</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place> (Fig. 1, after
Harris et al, 2009). Unfortunately the seismic images acquire in these area are
either to shallow or too poor to see the edge of the edge of the Australian
Continent Shelf.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
Sunda Shelf is located in the northwest of the studied area. A deep seismic
section acquired by ION (Fig. 8) helped to understand the margin of the Sunda
Shelf. Granath et al (2011) have interpreted the top basement based on this
seismic image. The shallow basement in the WNW beneath NSA-1F well (Fig. 8A)
and Kangean West-2 (Fig. 8B) is interpreted as the Sunda Shelf. The deeper basement in the ESE has been
interpreted as Late Cretaceous accretionary crust (Doust & Lymbach, 1997). <st1:city w:st="on">Hamilton</st1:city>, 1979,
identifies this area as Tertiary oceanic and arc crust.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Wp8Wd2d40YfoJXn0moxEmL5PhQltd1eQgERZrq7gvRn4NBou2hEXmYxSdgeCyu5KYni4SJxXLPKA7DoUAL7Lm60FpTshk7shcx_mnT_oMYaCp9WiY6pv7ILuikawNuiFnN1nVVmSAxwr/s1600/less-fig7AB.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Wp8Wd2d40YfoJXn0moxEmL5PhQltd1eQgERZrq7gvRn4NBou2hEXmYxSdgeCyu5KYni4SJxXLPKA7DoUAL7Lm60FpTshk7shcx_mnT_oMYaCp9WiY6pv7ILuikawNuiFnN1nVVmSAxwr/s320/less-fig7AB.JPG" height="243" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Figure 8.</b> Two WNW-ESE seismic lines in
the north of the <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser Sunda Islands</st1:place> showing
the potential margin of the Sunda Shelf or Eurasian Continental crust margin.
These seismic sections were acquired by ION (Granath et al, 2011). A) Seismic
line between NSA-1F and SG P-1 well with significant drop of basement (Horizon
A) about 35 km ESE of NSA-1F. An isolated basement high raised about 30 km WNW
of SG P-1 well. B) Seismic line between Kangean West-2 and ST Alpha-1. A significant
horse-graben system developed in the east of Kangean West-2 which brought the
basement (Horizon A) deeper towards the ESE.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNCq7qGU46BLZFTUby0V3r-97bO6SFmOtdrFpgUzj7XigDPLysgoXzAvLlMTnFWOaohls75F_e-N8_W_KH7T1bfH7BZmYllgzFHpICDC_TSTAL4qb-5DKjWdl__ytFbwuOxldljRXI7kEn/s1600/less-fig8-zoom.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNCq7qGU46BLZFTUby0V3r-97bO6SFmOtdrFpgUzj7XigDPLysgoXzAvLlMTnFWOaohls75F_e-N8_W_KH7T1bfH7BZmYllgzFHpICDC_TSTAL4qb-5DKjWdl__ytFbwuOxldljRXI7kEn/s320/less-fig8-zoom.JPG" height="320" width="211" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure 9.</b> Detail sections of the
profiles shown in Figure 8. A) located near to NSA-1F and B) located near to
Kangean West-2 well. </i><o:p></o:p><br />
<i><br /></i></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>5. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Flores</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A
west-east trend normal fault, which is dipping to the south, developed in the
north of the Lesser Sunda Islands and formed <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Flores</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>.
The map in figure 1 shows that the water depth in this basin reaches about more
than 4000 meters. A seismic section acquired by R. V. Robert Conrad (Fig. 10,
Hamilton, 1979) shows a deep trench developed by the fault. Recent sediment
accumulation is well imaged in this section at about 6.5 seconds. The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Flores</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>
is poorly understood as it is deep and covered only by sparse data.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizCpzakO1WjFDqxoptMgoTBgJbrBptqSglWFRMG-B7RKVLa0OdPGFkhqP5AaTkoFYIXwMkeBgBb2ai5DjiYtCz6od3m056QMy7EWqio46hjWJYs-4gI54SzM0DJ0xELTxje_ZXMM-DoOQX/s1600/less-fig10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizCpzakO1WjFDqxoptMgoTBgJbrBptqSglWFRMG-B7RKVLa0OdPGFkhqP5AaTkoFYIXwMkeBgBb2ai5DjiYtCz6od3m056QMy7EWqio46hjWJYs-4gI54SzM0DJ0xELTxje_ZXMM-DoOQX/s320/less-fig10.JPG" height="102" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure 10.</b> A N-S seismic section from
Lamong Doherty Geological Observatory, acquired by R. V. Robert Conrad cruise
11 (<st1:place w:st="on">Hamilton</st1:place>,
1979). This section shows little sediment on the narrow floor of the <st1:placename w:st="on">Flores</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Sea</st1:placetype>
or <st1:placename w:st="on">Flores</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype>,
in contrast to the thick strata on the platform between that sea and the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">South</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Makassar</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place> which probably
consist of carbonate units.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Prasetyo
(1992) published a number of seismic lines which cover <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Flores</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>
and discussed the Flores Thrust Zone in great detail. The thrust zone is a
prominent E-W oriented structural feature extending from east to the west of
the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Flores</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>. The fault zone separated south
dipping sedimentary sequences, including Paleocene rift and related sediments,
from the complex deformed material to the south (Prasetyo, 1992) <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>6. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The position of
the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place> is unique. It is not part of the
Sunda arc, which formed a lineation of volcanic islands in the north of <st1:place w:st="on">Sumba</st1:place>. From the position it may be more related to <st1:place w:st="on">Timor</st1:place> but it has different orientation (Fig. 1 and 2).
The origin of the island is still a debate amongst worker on this area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place>
is generally recognized as an exposed fore-arc basement which is located
between the Inner and Outer Arc. Several workers have considered <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place>
as a micro continent within a region of arc-continent collision
(Audley-Charles, 1975; Hamilton, 1979), and more recently as accreted terrane
(Nur and Ben-Avram, 1982; Howell et al., 1983). De Werff et al (1994) and
Harris et al (2009) conclude that the <st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype> is a continuation of <st1:place w:st="on">Timor</st1:place> which is an arc-continent collision zone.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Tectonic activities<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
Sunda Arc is known as an active convergence zone producing earthquakes,
tsunamis and volcanic hazards. The Indo-Australian plate currently moves at 6.7
cm/a in a direction N11<sup>o</sup>E off western Java and thus almost normal to
the trench (Tregoning et al. 1994). Convergence speed slightly increases from
western Java towards the east at a very subtle rate. The movement is reaching 7
cm/a of <st1:place w:st="on">Bali</st1:place> (Simons et al, 2007) and has been
active since Eocene (Hall & Smyth, 2008). The overriding plate is
continental including Sumatra and western Java (Kopp et al, 2001) and the
basement below the forearc basin offshore Bali and Lombok is probably a rifted
crust of a continental character in transition to oceanic character at <st1:place w:st="on">Sumbawa</st1:place> and further east (Banda Sea, Van der Weff, 1996).
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
locations of the earthquake epicenters in the centre part of the Lesser Sunda
Island reflect the subduction of the Australian Lithosphere under the Asian
continenet (Fig. 11) . The Australian lithosphere, which is interpreted as
Precambrian continental crust (<st1:city w:st="on">Hamilton</st1:city>,
1979) moves northward. This subduction angle is also getting steeper
northwards.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwrQ1q3eHt43_C6YW2xn9Hxsdem8Ny3FY6r7X_9ngKCy-h5PKe5rxz83NPdOTcbYrl0Cau5ULH85s8gFP7k0PYD5YJLwqYdNdPXISUAxf-Qj2qDFyeBN8GDW9d7Q15Y85QVgtciiNL70ZL/s1600/less-fig11.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwrQ1q3eHt43_C6YW2xn9Hxsdem8Ny3FY6r7X_9ngKCy-h5PKe5rxz83NPdOTcbYrl0Cau5ULH85s8gFP7k0PYD5YJLwqYdNdPXISUAxf-Qj2qDFyeBN8GDW9d7Q15Y85QVgtciiNL70ZL/s320/less-fig11.JPG" height="320" width="288" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b>Figure 11</b>. This plot shows the
earthquake localizations on a South-North cross section for the lat -14°/-4°
long 114°/124° quadrant corresponding to the <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser Sunda
Islands</st1:place> region. The localizations are extracted from the USGS
database and corresponds to magnitude greater than 4.5 in the 1973-2004 time
period (shallow earthquakes with undetermined depth have been omitted.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>data
source: USGS-NEIC; displayed in <a href="http://bigideasroots.wordpress.com/6-1/">http://bigideasroots.wordpress.com/6-1/</a><o:p></o:p></i></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Discussion<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Two major
tectonic discontinuities separate the Banda Arc from the Sunda Arc in this
area. The Pantar Fracture extends approximately north-south between the <st1:placetype w:st="on">island</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Pantar</st1:placename>
and Alor, and the Sumba Fracture separates Sumba and Flores islands from <st1:place w:st="on">Sumbawa</st1:place> (Nishimura and Suparka, 1986). Unfortunately the
discontinuity of the arc, or the transition from Sunda to Banda arc is not
clearly seen on seismic section. Nishimura and Suparka (1986) use ‘fracture’ to
describe the separation, which indicates a small offset and therefore may not be imaged
well on seismic sections, especially by older sections <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">All seismic
sections included in this are article were acquired sparsely offshore.
Additional data around <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sumba</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place> may improve the
understanding of the origin of the island. This may bring the debate of the
origin of the island closer to conclusion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Closing Remarks<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser Sunda Islands</st1:place> are a very active tectonic region,
formed by the subduction of the Indian Oceanic plate in the west and a
continent-island arc collision in the east. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This
area is located between the Eurasian Continental Crust or also known as Sunda
Shelf and the Australian Continental Crust or <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Scott</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Plateau</st1:placename></st1:place>.
The geology in the north of the <st1:place w:st="on">Lesser Sunda Islands</st1:place>
is poorly understood as it is poorly covered by seismic and lack of well
penetration. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
west part of the Lesser Sunda Island is generally less complex compared to the
east. The transition from Sunda arc to Banda arc, with Sumba and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Timor</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Island</st1:placetype></st1:place>
in the east make the geology more complicated.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>References<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Doust, H., & Lijmbach, G., 1997, Charge
constraints on the hydrocarbon habitat and development of hydrocarbons systems
in Southeast Asia Tertiary Basins, in Proceedings of the Petroleum Systems of
SE Asia and Australasia Conference, Indonesian Petroleum Association.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Granath, J. W., Christ, J. M., Emmet, P. A., &
Dinkelman, M. G., 2011, Pre-Cenozoic sedimentary section and structure as
reflected in the JavaSPANTM crustal-scale PSDM seismic survey, and its
implications regarding the basement terranes in the East Java Sea in: Hall, R.,
Cottam, M. A. &Wilson, M. E. J. (eds) The SE Asian Gateway: History and
Tectonics of the Australia–Asia Collision. Geological Society, <st1:city w:st="on">London</st1:city>, Special Publications, 355, 53–74.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<st1:city w:st="on">Hamilton</st1:city>,
W., 1979, Tectonics of the Indonesian region US Geo. Survey Prof. Pap. 1078,
1-345.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Hutchison, C., 1989, Geological Evolution of
South-East Asia, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Oxford</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Krabbenhoeft, A., Weinrebe, R. W., Kopp, H., Flueh,
E. R., Ladage, S., Papenberg, C., Planert, L., and Djajadihardja, Y., 2010,
Bathymetry of the Indonesian Sunda margin-relating morphological features of
the upper plate slopes to the location and extent of the seimogenic zone, Nat.
Hazards Earth Syste. Sci., 10, p. 1899-1911.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">L</span>üschen,
E., Müller, C., Kopp, H., Engels, M., Lutz, R., Planert, L., Shulgin, A.,
Djajadihardja, Y. S., 2011, Structure, evolution and tectonic activity of the
eastern Sunda forearc,Indonesia from marine seismic investigations,
Tectonophysics, 508, p. 6-21<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Monk, A.,
de Fretes, Y., Lilley, G. R., 1997, The ecology of Nusa Tenggara & Maluku,
Periplus Edition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Nishimura, S. and Suparka, S., 1986, Tectonic
development of east <st1:place w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:place>,
Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 1, 45-47.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Prasetyo, H., 1992, The Bali-Flores Basin: Geological
transition from extensional to subsequent compressional deformation,
Proceedings of Indonesian Petroleum Association, 21th Annual Convention <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Rigg, J. W. D. & Hall, R., 2012, Neogene
development of the Savu Forearc Basin, Indonesia, Marine and Petroleum Geology
32, p. 76-94<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Simons, W. J. F., Socquet, A., et al., 2007, A decade
of GPS in <st1:place w:st="on">Southeast Asia</st1:place>: resolving Sundaland
motion and boundaries, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Tregoning, P., Brunner, F. K. Et al., 1994, First
geodetic measurement of convergence across the Java Trench, Geophysical
Research Letters, 21, p. 2135-2138.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
Van Weering, T. C. E., Kusnida, D., Tjokrosapoetro,
S., Lubis, S., Kridoharto, P. and Munadi, S. (1989) The seismic structure of
the Lombok and Savu forearc basins, Indonesia Neth. J. Sea, Res. 24, 251-262<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-74923742893769788692012-04-09T19:03:00.001+02:002014-04-19T12:41:37.632+02:00Seram Sea and Bintuni Basin<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">After Herman Darman & Paul Reemst (Shell International E & P, The Hague), 2012, Berita Sedimentologi #23:</span></div>
<b><span style="line-height: 18.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Seismic Expression of Geological Features in Seram Sea: Seram Trough, Missol-Onin Ridge and Sedimentary Basins</span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="line-height: 18.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></span></b>
<strong>Introduction</strong><br />
The Seram Sea (Fig. 1) is located between Seram Island and the Bird’s Head of Papua, Eastern Indonesia. This sea extends to the east towards Bintuni Bay. Some part of the sea, between Seram and Misool are deeper than 2000 m. The Seram Island is mountainous with altitudes reaching 3000 m above sea level at the center of the island. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3i6o1v1EofgJHTp3u_OKpaqrFiBe_G9LOorbxISYfXMOj8K9IOP5_M8pjJ3AyfrCmYgYQlFu38MpEMfstHqWseX4XVBflj5xlujuezAlIyPZm98TyDwU97O1RLR-PqoK1XqpbmMfumw4Q/s1600/miso-Fig1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3i6o1v1EofgJHTp3u_OKpaqrFiBe_G9LOorbxISYfXMOj8K9IOP5_M8pjJ3AyfrCmYgYQlFu38MpEMfstHqWseX4XVBflj5xlujuezAlIyPZm98TyDwU97O1RLR-PqoK1XqpbmMfumw4Q/s400/miso-Fig1.jpg" height="400" width="360" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Figure 1.</b>
Regional Geological map of Seram Sea and vicinity, showing the structural
elements in this area, outcrops and major faults. Seismic sections discussed in
this article is shown in red. Main wells are also displayed as reference. SR = Sekak Ridge; MOR = Misool-Onin Ridge; KBF
= Kepala Burung Foreland Basin.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Several seismic surveys have been conducted to understand the geology of this region. The first seismic sections were published by Hamilton in 1979. These seismic sections were acquired by Western Geophysical for Phillips Petroleum. In 2000, Schlumberger published some seismic lines acquired in 1997 with an improved resolution improvement (Blunden, 2000). More higher quality seismic lines were acquired as part of non-exclusive and multi-client projects in the late 1990’s which provide a better geological understanding of the region and lead to several petroleum exploration opportunities.<br />
<br />
This article discusses the seismic expression of several geological features in the Seram Sea vicinity based on published seismic sections. The offshore seismic sections cover part of the imbricated complex in the north of Seram Island, the Seram Trough, the Misool-Onin High and the sedimentary basins the east of the Misool-Onin Ridge, such as the Tamaloi-Malagot Basin, the Semai-Berau Basin and the Bintuni Basin (Fig. 1.)<br />
<br />
<strong>Misool-Onin Ridge</strong><br />
The Missol-Onin Ridge is a structural high located in the Seram Sea between the island of Seram and the Bird’s Head of Papua. This feature is exposed above the sea as the Misool Island in the nortwest and the Onin Peninsula in the southeast. This high is truncated by the large Sula-Sorong Fault System in the north and the Terera Fault in the south. Both faults are interpreted as sinistral lateral faults (Fig. 1). At present the southern flank of this high forms a steep sea bottom relief towards the Seram Trough but the northern flank has been covered by younger sediments and does not show a significant bathymetric expression. <br />
<br />
Several wells have been drilled on the Misool-Onin Ridge. Daram Selatan-1 penetrated the northern part of the Misool-Onin High and TBJ-1X was drilled in the south. Daram Selatan-1 tested a section of more than 1000 m of Triassic age dominated by limestones section (Wongsosantiko & Mertosono, 1996) and TBJ-1X encountered an interval of almost 200 m of Permian clastic and carbonate interval (Fraser et al, 1993). <br />
<br />
Seismic section 1 (Fig. 2) located in the western part of the Seram Sea extends from the SW to the NE, and shows the Seram Imbricated Complex, the Seram Trough, the Kepala Burung Foredeep, the Misool Onin Ridge and the Berau Basin. The western part of the Misool-Onin Ridge has been penetrated by the Daram Selatan-1 well. Figure 3 shows a seismic section acquired for Amoseas and processed by Texaco in 1991 (Wongsosantiko and Mertosono, 1996). The structure and stratigraphy is very complex in this area and the seismic is very difficult to interpret as a result of relatively poor data quality. The two sections in figure 3 show the seismic interpretation prior to drilling of well Daram-Selatan-1 and the geological interpretation based on well data such as lithologies and stratigraphic data. The Top Triassic marker was interpreted significantly shallower and the structures are more complex than those in previous interpretations.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKIqpVJeRBRwzi10M2HFhO9gB9Dh8-1xZ0PON3m5wA95DwLcvmw59OTkqTJSWiwtoOt-HfTdfUiV83g5DwVyRJWtiwmVFYpvhU6vOlK0VUGxzpkPDzc4WfycTUZZybtvaZNR-n_qWZwRUN/s1600/miso-Fig2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKIqpVJeRBRwzi10M2HFhO9gB9Dh8-1xZ0PON3m5wA95DwLcvmw59OTkqTJSWiwtoOt-HfTdfUiV83g5DwVyRJWtiwmVFYpvhU6vOlK0VUGxzpkPDzc4WfycTUZZybtvaZNR-n_qWZwRUN/s640/miso-Fig2.jpg" height="553" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Figure 2.</b> Section
1 across Seram Sea showing the seismic expression of the imbricated comples,
Seram Trough, Kepala Burung Foredeep Basin, Misool-Onin Ridge and Bintuni
Basin. CS-1X and Agung-1 well control occur in the north of the section. This
section is modified after Pairault et al, 2003.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilDJ-4n331pELOpyKxCtLomc9TdAX9aZzHR2Sodz2Er4KyhgyBO56GuX0sRC05WWi8IDWqWmF_wn3b7xig3ccAup1hIJU6Z69RPUfMZT13zpMfR3EWR0TvHIXUI-rYFhgoLqPGFOS9w216/s1600/miso-Fig3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilDJ-4n331pELOpyKxCtLomc9TdAX9aZzHR2Sodz2Er4KyhgyBO56GuX0sRC05WWi8IDWqWmF_wn3b7xig3ccAup1hIJU6Z69RPUfMZT13zpMfR3EWR0TvHIXUI-rYFhgoLqPGFOS9w216/s640/miso-Fig3.jpg" height="640" width="580" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Figure 3</b>. A detail
seismic section across Daram Selatan-1 well acquired by Amoseas. Two
interpretations are displayed: A) prior to the drilling result and B) after the drilling result. Note the
changes of stratigraphic and structures interpretation (after Wongsosantiko
& Mertosono, 1996).<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The northern part of the Misool-Onin Ridge has been uplifted as indicated by the missing Paleocene-Miocene stratigraphic section . Pliocene-Pleistocene interval covered the whole area. The eastern uplift is also indicated in Section 3 (Figure 4) at the center part of the ridge. Section 1 and 4 (Fig. 5) clearly show an unconformity that cuts through the Paleocene – Miocene interval. Section 3 (Fig. 4; Blunden, 2000), however, does not show any indication of erosion. <br />
<br />
Based on stratigraphic reconstruction of Section 1 and 4 we identify at least two major uplift events in the Misool-Onin High area. The first one is a post Triassic age and is followed by a second event of post Cretaceous to Pleistocene time. Both uplift events mainly took place in the northern part of the ridge (Fig. 2 and 4).
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibz6kIrzf0ojNTUwkQxBkl23tTkzOPxlR3VP-k9votvzkJ8yndPBvQUogPN4wqtxYIiy2CKjgBUa-GJx3sOB6XkGmLmS0F7XGd63pr_AUfbzk4WWw_csxdCapiUGTJSrNankTn7ZbLvvnM/s1600/miso-Fig4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibz6kIrzf0ojNTUwkQxBkl23tTkzOPxlR3VP-k9votvzkJ8yndPBvQUogPN4wqtxYIiy2CKjgBUa-GJx3sOB6XkGmLmS0F7XGd63pr_AUfbzk4WWw_csxdCapiUGTJSrNankTn7ZbLvvnM/s640/miso-Fig4.jpg" height="640" width="628" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;">Figure 4.</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;">
Seismic section at the center of Misool-Onin Ridge acquired by Schlumberger
Geco-Prakla in cooperation with the government of Indonesia in 1997 (after
Blunden, 2000)</span> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj79tOC3ncLlk6D5vgOSe4_oq0nls34m3xL4OW7Brw14uLRylsivWWao7CfLL3Xo8vMTkodskGCCzMVyGcIGqrTJp7gn6_3QBzwT8RfNsrPzNlx5jpwhsUXJTbAezl-doWeValYnI7hSmdi/s1600/miso-Fig5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj79tOC3ncLlk6D5vgOSe4_oq0nls34m3xL4OW7Brw14uLRylsivWWao7CfLL3Xo8vMTkodskGCCzMVyGcIGqrTJp7gn6_3QBzwT8RfNsrPzNlx5jpwhsUXJTbAezl-doWeValYnI7hSmdi/s640/miso-Fig5.jpg" height="640" width="504" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Figure 5.</b> Section
4, modified after Paurault et al (2003). The stratigraphic reconstruction shows
a Permian paleo high and a tectonic uplift in the Misool-Onin High which caused
the erosion of Tertiary section shown as unconformity in the south of the
section.</span> <o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyQNViPH8A4JZn0MUR88fcQ4rV1aB0gzt6WpM-1kehe1x9eq_QOIaIUKF7BZkWbMZVmYH8yrCg7Sf8oNUCQW7bHg69ws909LRbUZiqqslriqhZOTYf6keyacvQZdiUdc4bDyiSka7LoceZ/s1600/miso-Fig6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyQNViPH8A4JZn0MUR88fcQ4rV1aB0gzt6WpM-1kehe1x9eq_QOIaIUKF7BZkWbMZVmYH8yrCg7Sf8oNUCQW7bHg69ws909LRbUZiqqslriqhZOTYf6keyacvQZdiUdc4bDyiSka7LoceZ/s640/miso-Fig6.jpg" height="402" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Figure 6. </b>Section
5 across Berau Basin, Sekak Ridge and Bintuni Basin. TBE-1X is located on
Inanwatan Ridge and Kalitami-1X on Puragi Ridge. These ridges are part of
larger Sekak Ridge. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<strong>I</strong><br />
<strong>mbricate Complex</strong><br />
The Imbricated Complex north of Seram Island and south of Misool-Onin Ridge is characterized by a highly complex fault system that generates poorly image seismic section. Some of the trust faults have been interpreted by Paurault et al. (2003) in Section 1, 3, 6 and 7 (Fig. 2, 4 and 7). Steeply dipping thrust faults can be seen on Section 6 and 7. The fault system generated a rough sea bottom and as a result mini basins developed between fault blocks that accommodate Pleistoce-Pliocene sediments (Fig. 2)<br />
<br />
Blunden (2000) published a detail seismic section of the imbricated complex (Fig. 4). Unfortunately the quality of the seismic is poor. Figure 8 shows a higher quality seismic published by Searcher. The reflectors which cross the structures and almost parallel to the sea bottom indicate potential hydrate layers in this area.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBwDuLSWSHuXMEMj-eEMwFIKLyggs2-NkIZgxwX0_L3q6puqkxnZW59I8gBTs0MsEbHnwMtckkqZ4bTMNFCsTkOfWqxp2xxi8PjCqZLpVA8G3YmI7In1ucVe8vPhy4TAGA1uWa0B1k6Ide/s1600/miso-Fig7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBwDuLSWSHuXMEMj-eEMwFIKLyggs2-NkIZgxwX0_L3q6puqkxnZW59I8gBTs0MsEbHnwMtckkqZ4bTMNFCsTkOfWqxp2xxi8PjCqZLpVA8G3YmI7In1ucVe8vPhy4TAGA1uWa0B1k6Ide/s640/miso-Fig7.jpg" height="640" width="578" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Figure 7.</b> Two
seismic sections acquired by Fugro in the south of Misool-Onin Ridge, covering
Kepala Burung Foldbelt system, Seram Trough and the imbricated complex in
sourth. Both sections are SW-NE trends. A) SM05-221 section shows 3 large anticlines
in the complex. B) SM05-222 covers a larger area of imbricated complex.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<strong>Seram Trough</strong><br />
The northwest part of the Seram Trough is relatively narrow compared to the southeast. The deepest part of this trough can reach >2000 m water depth. Recent sediment supply is mainly accommodated the southeastern part of the trough, indicated by flat sea bottom as shown in Fig. 7 and 8. Bright amplitude in the northern part of section 6 (Fig. 8) is interpreted as a slope failure deposit from the Kepala Burung Foreland in the north. <br />
<br />
Differences in thickenss of recent sediments deposited in the Seram Trough show that the locus of depocentres changed through time (Fig. 8). In some areas in the south sediments are thicker than the north. This suggests active tectonism and rapid deposition in the area. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz8_Jho-8xWcPrZZKNJd7UYUDIoCk_vkBHVvR5R365tMjAExX0mLZTnhnBp5D4Yiwus5KOWQLv6IGajzeGkUvZtXr2tnCMl_q1v2oUPKNfmTdd1jXsm008YfP_yZSQ-jEkz0kAmkYl076p/s1600/miso-Fig8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz8_Jho-8xWcPrZZKNJd7UYUDIoCk_vkBHVvR5R365tMjAExX0mLZTnhnBp5D4Yiwus5KOWQLv6IGajzeGkUvZtXr2tnCMl_q1v2oUPKNfmTdd1jXsm008YfP_yZSQ-jEkz0kAmkYl076p/s640/miso-Fig8.jpg" height="334" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Figure 8.</span></b><span style="line-height: 115%;"> A
detailed section of Figure 7B showing the potential hydrate layer on the left
of the section and the two major anticlines on the right. Potentially some
limestone developed in the north of the area as shown on this figure.</span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong>Kepala Burung (Birds Head) Foreland</strong><br />
A foreland basin developed between the Seram Trough and the Misool-Onin Ridge. Generally this tectonic unit covers an area with water depths of about 200 to 2000 meters. Section 1 (Fig. 2) shows a structural high in west part of the foreland (Fig. 2). Further east, Section 3 shows a simple dipping foreland. Section 6 (Fig 7.A) shows 3 anticlinal features which developed locally. Just south of this section the anticlines disappear and the largest anticline is faulted (Fig. 7.B).<br />
<br />
The structural map in Figure 1 also shows that Section 3 is located in the narrowest foreland area. The foreland developed well in the south of Onin Peninsula. <br />
<br />
<strong>Berau Basin</strong><br />
The Berau Basin is located north of the Misool-Onin Ridge. Section 1, 3, 4 and 5 dissect this basin. All these sections shows a significant unconformity as a result of a major uplift in the south towards the Misool-Onin Ridge and the north. Another major unconformity is shown in Section 1, below the Oligocene-Paleocene unit. This unconformity mainly occurs in the south, close to the Misool-Onin Ridge. <br />
<br />
Wells Agung-1 and CS-1X along Section 1 penetrated Tertiary to Permian sedimentary formations deposited in the northern part of the Berau Basin. In the south of the basin, wells North Onin-1 and Gunung-1 encountered a mainly Cenozoic unit but Gunung-1 also went through Permian clastics and carbonates section at the bottom of the hole (Fraser et al, 1993).<br />
<br />
<strong>Sekak Ridge</strong><br />
The Sekak Ridge is a large anticlinal feature which separates the Berau Basin from the Bintuni Basin. Section 5 (Fig. 6) shows a seismic profile of this ridge. The ridge has several minor highs, that are penetrated by well TBE-1X and Kalitami-1X. Fraser et al. (1993) called the minor highs Inanwatan and Puragi ridge. Both wells penetrated a Jurassic interval at their deepest levels.TBE-1X found some sandstones with coal fragments and redish color shale indicating low terrestrial influence (Fraser et al, 1993). Kalitami-1 encountered more sands of a similar depositional setting in a Jurassic interval. The Cretaceous interval of both wells are very shally, deposited in an open marine environment.<br />
<br />
The northern onshore extension of the Sekak Ridge was penetrated by wells Puragi-1, Tarof-2 and Ayot-1&2. Tarof-2 and Ayot-2 wells also encountered Permian clastics. The Mesozoic interval of Tarof-2 well is dominated by shale, but Ayot-2 well found some limestone. All wells reported the presence of a thick Miocene Kais limestone formation at shallower level.<br />
<br />
<strong>Bintuni Basin</strong><br />
The sedimentary basin east of the Sekak Ridge is called the Bintuni Basin. This basin contains significant petroleum accumulation as discovered in the Vorwata, Wiriagar, Roabiba and Ofaweri fields. Towards the east, the Bintuni Basin is bounded by the north-south trending Arguni Fault.<br />
<br />
Section 5 (Fig. 6) shows a seismic section across the western part of the Bintuni Basin. Several structures developed during the Mesozoic but do not continue into the Cenozoic part of the section. <br />
<br />
<strong>Kepada Burung Foredeep Basin</strong><br />
A foredeep basin developed between the Misool-Onin High and the Seram Trough. This structural unit is shown in Section 1, 3, 6 and 7. Section 1 (Fig. 2) in the north of this unit indicats a Miocene-Oligocene remnant but it is not calibrated by any well. Section 3 (Fig. 4) shows a relatively steeply dipping Mesozoic interval towards the Seram Trough. Several structures developed in the southern part of this foredeep basin as shown in Section 6 and 7 (Fig. 7). Limestone build ups are potentially developed in the Upper Jurassic interval and generated discontinuous strong seismic reflectors. Tertiary deposits in this area have thin and continuous reflectors typical for distal marine deposits that are usually dominated by fine grained clastics (Fig. 8). Hydrate layers can also be recognized from the detailed seismic section and indicated low (< 0oC) temperature, which is typical for deep water deposits.<br />
<br />
Well South Onin-1 drilled in this basin and reported Upper Cretaceous limestones at bottom hole with minor shale interbeds (Fraser et al, 1993). Slightly shallower the well encountered >500 m thick Paleogene limestone. Although there are some gas shows, the well is unfortunately considered as a dry well.<br />
<br />
<strong>Seram Trough </strong><br />
A deep flat sea bottom characterizes the southern part of the Seram Trough (Fig. 7) indicating a recent sediment fill. In the north, Section 1 (Fig. 2) and Section 3 (Fig. 4) show a narrow trough with limited recent sediment fill. A strong amplitude anomaly in the north of Section 6 (Fig. 8) is an indication of slope failure debris flow deposits came from the north slope of the Kepala Burung Foredeep basin. This section also shows a shift of depocentres as some sediment packages are thicker in the south and some are in the north. <br />
<br />
<strong>Imbricate Complex</strong><br />
The Imbricate Complex in the south of the study area is generally seismically poorly imaged due to intensive faulting as shown in Fig 2, 4, 7 and 8. The thrust faults are dipping to the south and some of them are seen on the seismic sections, especially at the front end of this structural unit. Figure 4 and 8 show the detail of the faults. <br />
<br />
Small depositional centers developed between fault blocks in the southern part, capturing recent sediments supplied from Seram Island (Figure 2). At the sea bottom the active faults generate a rough bathymetry as seen in Figure 4a and Figure 7. Tighter anticlinal features occur as drag folds as a result of the faulting. This implies that the faults are currently still active.<br />
<br />
A potential hydrate layer occurs in this area (Fig. 8) as can be interpreted from a reflector parallel to the sea bottom imaged in the south of the section. Several petroleum discoveries were made onshore Seram Island, with the Manusela Jurassic oolithic limestone unit as primary target (see K. Hill article in this volume).<br />
<br />
<strong>Conclusion</strong><br />
The seismic sections reveal a complex tectono-stratigraphic history of the Seram Sea. Based on the interpretation of several key seismic lines, we propose the following sequence of events:<br />
• Rift related faulting took place over an extensive area during the Permian, followed by partial uplift in the Triassic.<br />
• During the Cenozoic, Paleogene and Miocene limestones developed extensively during this period of time.<br />
• An inversion phase in Late Miocene – Early Pliocene indicated by transpression and folding, and reactivation of older extensional faults. Erosional process developed at the Misool-Onin Ridge during this stage.<br />
• Emplacement of the Imbricate Wedge during Pliocene to Quaternary times.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin9g_fDRAvDl2M95L4Ot_npi7Dp0uSFHan7qAQc7okRagG7TZNOBReJg7K8oZVJSGKQgd14pu1k1RaVUdwmzCkDpPxtYk04r24ILZEnBG0gt2wwSyGsHoakxgGBhiNfVpyQk0gFC8-csuB/s1600/miso-Fig9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin9g_fDRAvDl2M95L4Ot_npi7Dp0uSFHan7qAQc7okRagG7TZNOBReJg7K8oZVJSGKQgd14pu1k1RaVUdwmzCkDpPxtYk04r24ILZEnBG0gt2wwSyGsHoakxgGBhiNfVpyQk0gFC8-csuB/s640/miso-Fig9.jpg" height="640" width="430" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Figure 9.</b>
Structural and depositional reconstruction of Misool-Onin Ridge. Faults are red
for normal faults, green for inverted faults and blue for reverse faults. See
Figure 5 for location of this section.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<strong>Reference</strong><br />
Amiruddin, 2009, A Review on Permian to Triassic Active or Convergent Margin in Southeastern most Gondwanaland: Possibility of Exploration Target for Tin and Hydrocarbon Deposits in the Eastern Indonesia, Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol 4 No. 1, Maret 2009, p. 31-41 <br />
<br />
Blunden, T. (eds.), 2000, Indonesia 2000, Reservoir Optimization Conference, Schlumberger<br />
<br />
Fraser, T. H., Bon, J., Samuel, L., 1993, A New Dynamic Mesozoic Stratigraphy for the West Irian Micro-coninent Indonesia and Its Implications, Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association, 22nd Annual Convention.<br />
<br />
Hamilton, W., 1979, Tectonics of the Indonesian Region, Geological Survey Professional Paper 1078, US Government Printing Office, Washington. <br />
<br />
Wongsosantiko, A. & Mertosono, S., 1996, Peran Teknologi Eksplorasi Mutakhir Sebagai Sarana Penunjang Strategi Bisnis Minyak dan Gas Bumi, Suatu Pengamatan dan Pengalaman di PT Caltex Pacific Indonesia, in Kumpulan Makalah Peran Sumberdaya Geologi Dalam Pembangunan Jangka Panjang II, Dalam Rangka Memperingati HUT Pendidikan Tinggi Teknik ke 50 Yogyakarta.<br />
<br />Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-89403773458812973272011-11-03T06:01:00.000+01:002014-04-18T17:12:59.441+02:00North Sulawesi Basin<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYrd3icfMcBgQ88Tdm5h61Iz37wV24pnl16uWq-OV3rK0Vz3IQjpUzKKXCLiFnd52JEHYdEqNn4yzgDrOmL_I9-ZdG8Cd3ZPQb1CdCnfs8eHMm_v3sPbeWixHUNrOijuriokHcUthvSlaG/s1600/darman-fig1-n-sulawesi-map.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYrd3icfMcBgQ88Tdm5h61Iz37wV24pnl16uWq-OV3rK0Vz3IQjpUzKKXCLiFnd52JEHYdEqNn4yzgDrOmL_I9-ZdG8Cd3ZPQb1CdCnfs8eHMm_v3sPbeWixHUNrOijuriokHcUthvSlaG/s320/darman-fig1-n-sulawesi-map.JPG" height="310" ida="true" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sulawesi Sea and its surrounding area is an active tectonic region. Many studies were done to understand the tectonics in this area. For this reason, several seismic vintages were acquired in the Sulawesi Sea (Celebes Sea) area. The seismic lines were published in: 1977 by Hinz: single multichannel reflection seismic (MRS) profile 1979 by Hamilton: single trace reflection seismic lines 1987 by Hinz and 1989 by Fechner: seismic data acquired by SONNE-cruise 49 in Mindanao area, at the eastern end of the Celebes Sea Basin. 1994 by Zen and Hinz: seismic data acquired by SONNE-cruise 94, sponsored by German institutions. 1997, by Beiersdorf et al.: seismic data acquired by SONNE-cruise 98 which also did geological and geochemical investigations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This article shows the seismic expressions in the southern margin of the Sulawesi Sea, which is the subduction zone in the north of Sulawesi North arm and known as North Sulawesi Trench (Fig. 1)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Regional Tectonics</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Regional cross section in Figure 2 shows the subduction of Sulawesi Sea oceanic late to the south and goes underneath the northern arm of Sulawesi which is dominated by calc-alkalic potassic (CAK) volcanic material. This section is constructed by Walpesdorf et al. (1998) based on seismic epicenters.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsoBPfsgu2Dg0y-0IncNVZuB8668vMbpNfNFyMZqApwBIIy-8vuvOuR1LhK32KbiROMPUcVQehlICH5oPa4Iibd2KdXmD8oUN0oOBqzrM3PR7_jPU2USjzcrQcLKQKytgZMaZooAZhsFU6/s1600/darman-fig2-n-sulawesi-sect.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsoBPfsgu2Dg0y-0IncNVZuB8668vMbpNfNFyMZqApwBIIy-8vuvOuR1LhK32KbiROMPUcVQehlICH5oPa4Iibd2KdXmD8oUN0oOBqzrM3PR7_jPU2USjzcrQcLKQKytgZMaZooAZhsFU6/s320/darman-fig2-n-sulawesi-sect.JPG" height="200" ida="true" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The seismicity of this area is very high and occurs in wide range of depth. Figure 3 shows the distribution of epicenters recorded by USGS. Close to the northern coast of Sulawesi, the seismicity is relatively shallow and it is getting deeper southwards. This evidence supports the regional cross section in Figure 2 is recorded by USGS in the seismicity map in Figure 3.</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKgiy8aN_zZHAoK7DYcBwF7D_r_aOBd9IoajOrZLAIC-xsIFn-aksuu17BJzp61q-g3d1UauGyy14yUkb7kZn7WyVCR0PEHgVPie1uU8ORrXRKtxaWtweGZFjTwKpnyg-zxoe9nq4DyHJ7/s1600/fosi-sulawesi_historic_seismicity.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKgiy8aN_zZHAoK7DYcBwF7D_r_aOBd9IoajOrZLAIC-xsIFn-aksuu17BJzp61q-g3d1UauGyy14yUkb7kZn7WyVCR0PEHgVPie1uU8ORrXRKtxaWtweGZFjTwKpnyg-zxoe9nq4DyHJ7/s320/fosi-sulawesi_historic_seismicity.jpg" height="320" ida="true" width="253" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fig. 3. USGS seismicity map of the study area</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Seismic Sections</strong></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RV SONNE vessel cruises 98 acquired regional seismic sections across Sulawesi Sea Basin. One of the north-south sections displayed in Figure 4, shows general deepening of Sulawesi Sea basin to the south. The Miocene horizons clearly go beneath the thrusted zone or the accretionary complex in the north of Sulawesi.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl1hqlFzKEpAhhKDZa57XOadQeAGw0jGkvX2l3aCWhQM-JLiO6fFdOb9YXZQkg9wYzy8E6jynlJUZzBrttNiqFkcdkVqdWQJOXVWpLL4R9mcyeNPiHzLTb1okuwqezam6U6t2MEyvRs7S_/s1600/darman-fig5-n-sulawesi-seis-sect.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl1hqlFzKEpAhhKDZa57XOadQeAGw0jGkvX2l3aCWhQM-JLiO6fFdOb9YXZQkg9wYzy8E6jynlJUZzBrttNiqFkcdkVqdWQJOXVWpLL4R9mcyeNPiHzLTb1okuwqezam6U6t2MEyvRs7S_/s320/darman-fig5-n-sulawesi-seis-sect.JPG" height="64" style="filter: alpha(opacity=30); left: 180px; mozopacity: 0.3; opacity: 0.3; position: absolute; top: 714px; visibility: hidden;" width="96" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From 2 November 1994 to 14 December 1994, RV SONNE vessel acquired seismic data in the north Sulawesi trench. The survey was chiefed by M. T. Zen (BPPT-Indonesia) and K. Hinz (Germany) who aimed to : Study the structure, the age and the geological evolution of Sulawesi Sea. Study the tectonic framework of the North Sulawesi and Mindanau continental margin which is still active. Understand the mechanism of the formation of the accretionary prism at the back zone of North Sulawesi and the west of Sangihe Island.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP0pBwBV5bfo_UCX2qwUl15rJBRJOQiUGy4Q01cC-iMfzA3ge9msPHWr144m7haa8FuSNfmw8OzNWqt8H882jjcK86SakWuVOjFLDpTvVue2eQfsiZ6R1pWHescnM1fPtFCVAQWf73Up0J/s1600/darman-fig4-n-sulawesi-seis-sect.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP0pBwBV5bfo_UCX2qwUl15rJBRJOQiUGy4Q01cC-iMfzA3ge9msPHWr144m7haa8FuSNfmw8OzNWqt8H882jjcK86SakWuVOjFLDpTvVue2eQfsiZ6R1pWHescnM1fPtFCVAQWf73Up0J/s640/darman-fig4-n-sulawesi-seis-sect.JPG" height="300" ida="true" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Two seismic sections were published as shown in Figure 5. These condensed sections shows relatively low angle of subduction beneath a 60 km accretionary complex. Overall the system has a steep dip subduction</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">zone. The structures formed part of the sea bottom, which indicates</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Present day or recent tectonics activities. These evidences confirm USGS seismicity maps. Sediment supply from the onshore Sulawesi is also active. Line 28 shows an indication of recent sediment accumulation in the south of the section. Line 30 shows a steeper slope in the south of the section which may also caused by sediment supply from onshore Sulawesi.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl1hqlFzKEpAhhKDZa57XOadQeAGw0jGkvX2l3aCWhQM-JLiO6fFdOb9YXZQkg9wYzy8E6jynlJUZzBrttNiqFkcdkVqdWQJOXVWpLL4R9mcyeNPiHzLTb1okuwqezam6U6t2MEyvRs7S_/s1600/darman-fig5-n-sulawesi-seis-sect.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl1hqlFzKEpAhhKDZa57XOadQeAGw0jGkvX2l3aCWhQM-JLiO6fFdOb9YXZQkg9wYzy8E6jynlJUZzBrttNiqFkcdkVqdWQJOXVWpLL4R9mcyeNPiHzLTb1okuwqezam6U6t2MEyvRs7S_/s640/darman-fig5-n-sulawesi-seis-sect.JPG" height="428" ida="true" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A detail section of line SO98-28 displayed in Figure 6 shows the oceanic crust which is overlain by Middle Miocene turbidites and Latest-Miocene to Pliocene clastic interval go beneath the accretionary complex in the south. This complex composed of intense south dipping thrust faults. The faults are getting deeper from north to south and at the same time generating more complex features.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Conclusions</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The studies in this area conclude that the structures are clearly shown in the front end of the accretionary zone because they are relatively young. Further south the structures are less pronounced as they have gone through more tectonic phases, the reflectors become too complex to be imaged by seismic. With limited and low data resolution, significant structure growth on seismic section which indicates fault timing is not well observed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Some of the structures also offset the sea bottom, which indicates a relatively new fault or still on-going fault reactivation. This evidence support USGS seismicity map which show recent and active tectonic activities.</span></div>
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Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-18236485610363659412011-02-22T21:19:00.003+01:002018-03-04T09:46:37.913+01:00What is new<b>2017</b><br />
<b>The full version of Indonesian basins are available in CD format, purchaseable in:<br />Tokopedia: <a href="https://www.tokopedia.com/indogeo">https://www.tokopedia.com/indogeo</a></b><br />
<b>E-bay: <a href="http://www.ebay.com.sg/itm/292470696341?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT&_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649">http://www.ebay.com.sg/itm/292470696341?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT&_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649</a></b><br />
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<b>2014</b><br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.nl/search/label/27%20Nam%20Con%20Son" target="_blank">April 2014: Nam Con Song Basin, Vietnam (main contributor: Tony Swiecicki)</a><br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.nl/search/label/43%20Sandakan%20Basin" target="_blank">April 2014: Additional seismic on Sandakan Basin after Futalan et al, 2012.</a><br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.nl/search/label/16%20Makassar%20Strait%20Basins" target="_blank">February 2014: Makassar Strait, Indonesia (updates with PGS sections)</a><br />
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<b>2013</b><br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.nl/search/label/25%20Song%20Hong%20%2F%20Yinggehai%20Basin" target="_blank">December 2013: Song Hong Basin, Vietnam</a> (main contributor: Michael Fyhn)<br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.nl/2013/06/the-lesser-sunda-islands.html" target="_blank">June 2013: The Lesser Sunda Islands (Darman, 2013)</a><br />
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<b>2012</b><br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.com/search/label/21%20Seram%20Sea" target="_blank">Apr 2012: Seram Sea (Darman & Reemst, 2012)</a><br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.nl/search/label/23%20Timor%20Sea%20Basin" target="_blank">August 2012: Timor Sea (Darman, 2012)</a><br />
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<b>2011</b><br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.com/2008/11/nw-north-sumatra.html" target="_blank">Feb 2011: Sumatra Forearc and Andaman seismic</a><br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.com/search/label/11%20Baram%20Basin" target="_blank">Jul 2011: Baram Basin seismic (Cullen, 2011)</a><br />
<a href="http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.com/search/label/28%20North%20Sulawesi%20Basin" target="_blank">Oct 2011: North Sulawesi Basin (Darman, 2011)</a><br />
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<br />Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-26364602105431150882010-11-11T22:04:00.007+01:002014-04-18T16:17:07.527+02:00Introduction<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYNKLLcqmsd3-RqMG9YPpSxJFCxUbuEnoEQNo-uWZh80m30QklYeAGEgFexxjOD8B7g00GyLmnFLvYi_3daZAGSdGmHWe-Y1ddLOE6g95iEToMMZIosfMytppCP9OzUytONJYEmueAKVX/s1600-h/location-map.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYNKLLcqmsd3-RqMG9YPpSxJFCxUbuEnoEQNo-uWZh80m30QklYeAGEgFexxjOD8B7g00GyLmnFLvYi_3daZAGSdGmHWe-Y1ddLOE6g95iEToMMZIosfMytppCP9OzUytONJYEmueAKVX/s320/location-map.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5268773797515292882" style="float: right; height: 269px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 320px;" /></a><span style="font-family: times new roman; font-weight: bold;"><em>Proposal and invitation to potential contributors</em></span><br />
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<strong>Background</strong><br />
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Significant number of quality seismic lines were acquired from Southeast Asia basins, showing world class geological features. Those data are scattered and / or not easily accessed by public users. This atlas open the opportunity for geoscientists to see interesting seismic features in this region in one integrated volume, with their geological backgrounds.<br />
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<strong>Team (Contributors and Reviewers)</strong><br />
Anantasena - BPPT - Indonesia<br />
Andrew Cullen - <span style="font-family: Calibri-Italic; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri-Italic; font-size: small;">Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA</span></span>Awang Satyana - BPMIGAS - Indonesia<br />
Dieter Franke - BGR - Germany<br />
Duddy Ranawijaya - Geo Marine Survey - Indonesia<br />
Harry Doust - Amsterdam Univ. - Netherland<br />
Henry Posamentier - CHEVRON - USA<br />
Herman Darman - SHELL - Netherland (chief editor)<br />
Kjell Johansen - PGS - Singapore<br />
Michael B. W. Fyhn - Geus - Denmark<br />
Minarwan - REPSOL - Spain (co editor)<br />
Owen Dyer - FUGRO - Australia<br />
Peter Baillie -TGS NOPEC - Australia<br />
Ridwan Djamaluddin - BPPT - Indonesia</div>
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Roberto Fainstein - WesternGeco - India<br />
Robert Hall - Royal Halloway - UK<br />
Sigit Sukmono -ITB - Indonesia<br />
Simon Irwin - PGS - Indonesia<br />
Steve Toothill - CGGVeritas - Indonesia<br />
Tony Swiecicki - Murphy - Vietnam<br />
Yusuf Djajadihardja - BPPT - Indonesia<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Note: The name list above is on alphabetical order by first name. If you prefer us not to display your name, please contact the coordinator: Herman Darman</span><br />
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<strong>Publication</strong><br />
In the first phase, the seismic sections will be displayed in this website. The team will contribute their interpretations and comments on the sections compiled. </div>
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Once significant quality and quantity images compiled, the committee aimed to publish A3 size hard copies with colors and/or in CD format. Each basin will be covered in atlas chapters with minimum 2 pages and maximum of 6 pages of A3 paper (landscape orientation), see below the template and example of this potential publication. Contributors are expected to send seismic sections, location map of the sections, related well information if available, regional geological map and cartoon cross section, 3D model etc.<br />
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Currently the team is investigating potential publisher for the atlas.<br />
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<strong>Template</strong></div>
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For proposed template for the A3 publication, <strong><em><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidVPpEG2vbmMsKe7OPaNPNVDC7SLKWlP3QxiJn9y53WZLCk7USyLcc0BtzZT9eJuIH1zPoMpe7nKqwMu6Yfvs1ezYoKszPat9ksYBjnUr5gV9bN76Ev8La5icQT05GCXw2dHLe1jQabA8/s1600-h/Slide1.JPG">click here</a></em></strong></div>
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For example of the atlas, <em><strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhss0krD9A6Yr9G_ri3Agay9UxIi0jATLvFufTyQzM0ZI5k-P33ov_JVRAJgxcEAeFSimFqt9AscUD7OUf_ZkWUh_QCaS5CYBX5TFxj06X77PqxP_if3Myu583OdQC5grk_EWZSCSyJ74k/s1600-h/Slide2.JPG">click here</a></strong></em></div>
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<strong>Data Provider</strong></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuHGPtOdwg94TtSNOaZ83Vw5R1VvlDtxyrIipv-JfptYiws32HULtzDpw6BY6n1OJXgN7hoE2A2lV-loqFtn6-r4IXi9icmK7X3VHt7EjAF3X2G_d_PVplzph-OVixnDjwqYOiamre179/s1600-h/location-map-gis.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuHGPtOdwg94TtSNOaZ83Vw5R1VvlDtxyrIipv-JfptYiws32HULtzDpw6BY6n1OJXgN7hoE2A2lV-loqFtn6-r4IXi9icmK7X3VHt7EjAF3X2G_d_PVplzph-OVixnDjwqYOiamre179/s320/location-map-gis.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277514686822364914" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 212px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 320px;" /></a>The data published in this website came from different sources, mainly published literature. Some data provider provide published seismic images, and the web editor would like to thank the following companies:<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPl8DGVZKYznJAE3KXsuJVpjzKlSFeb7z-5b5UOtNvVxCXKs5xo3wYBRa-0LLpe2Hh4opCq0-kpIKBMxZ9mCuIpO2lCVMCCLRNs-s9BVcn7KXCJv7sDnVP9CvBPP14D2mefvgcy5EjHmHi/s1600-h/logo.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPl8DGVZKYznJAE3KXsuJVpjzKlSFeb7z-5b5UOtNvVxCXKs5xo3wYBRa-0LLpe2Hh4opCq0-kpIKBMxZ9mCuIpO2lCVMCCLRNs-s9BVcn7KXCJv7sDnVP9CvBPP14D2mefvgcy5EjHmHi/s400/logo.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272634173560597170" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 313px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 350px;" /></a><br />
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Minarwan (Min)http://www.blogger.com/profile/01758691030020606859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-22668711522906475112009-11-28T21:26:00.004+01:002015-06-02T17:06:12.324+02:00West Palawan BasinsThe West Palawan Basin is located in the west of Palawan Island, southwest of the Philippines. A lateral fault called Ulugan Bay Fault separates the basin to NW and SW Palawan Basin. The NW Palawan basin is known for its Nido Limestone formation which is the reservoir of the Malampaya Field. The age of Nido Limestone formation is range from Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. The SW Palawan Basin is dominated by a younger limestone formation called Likas Formation which was deposited in the Upper Miocene until Early Pliocene.<br />
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<li>Northwest Palawan Basin</li>
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A seismic section displayed in Pictin Petroleum website is an example of a 3D seismic in Block or Service Contract (SC) 6A, Octon Block, Offshore NW Palawan, Philippines. This seismic line is NW-SE in orientation across East Berselisa and West Malajon structure. The Nido Limestone formation is displayed here as a blue horizon.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3VJB5sW_BviQgkJnrRftYwyAbIRO4ElCD3hX2tUGCu58gkABF_nyUhOo2YgZcVqkNn_AMmqtAqyi6t3wJE_KKs8Dx55HgxqFOc_4YVW8UMp0dR_5ijdFxqvLXqeUGgwMi9IEkIh93sg6E/s1600/pala-block6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3VJB5sW_BviQgkJnrRftYwyAbIRO4ElCD3hX2tUGCu58gkABF_nyUhOo2YgZcVqkNn_AMmqtAqyi6t3wJE_KKs8Dx55HgxqFOc_4YVW8UMp0dR_5ijdFxqvLXqeUGgwMi9IEkIh93sg6E/s640/pala-block6.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3VJB5sW_BviQgkJnrRftYwyAbIRO4ElCD3hX2tUGCu58gkABF_nyUhOo2YgZcVqkNn_AMmqtAqyi6t3wJE_KKs8Dx55HgxqFOc_4YVW8UMp0dR_5ijdFxqvLXqeUGgwMi9IEkIh93sg6E/s1600/pala-block6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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There are more seismic available which cover the Malampaya Field. This seismic lines show the character of the carbonat. It is possible to observe its carbonate framework and facies development within the limestone based on seismic.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg66QX3skk5GK_rzZ65UHKIawp1o_1VRMyE-5-KJ8c_EpHrrrZ5gEO0-eUlALKe3h6f4U1JEFkIcz5WyB-1eocc_MdpNZ000zFQeLUpH55lVwZKQc5oPiQPInMxjI3PJ2dfH4sjzN3Egm_a/s1600/malampaya-seis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409253845305029202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg66QX3skk5GK_rzZ65UHKIawp1o_1VRMyE-5-KJ8c_EpHrrrZ5gEO0-eUlALKe3h6f4U1JEFkIcz5WyB-1eocc_MdpNZ000zFQeLUpH55lVwZKQc5oPiQPInMxjI3PJ2dfH4sjzN3Egm_a/s400/malampaya-seis.jpg" style="height: 178px; margin-top: 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEichgnFD0cFJRnukYDe0s5rBNZZi5VGnp5RH44Nv1p1SXEmaj8nwXLEaO9N4mjA_E1Q1K6W1fbW1mBJR9gPeH09gq0uAQ6jwXKdK9KOEzPEhWuvpoLYvRdgflstQCK_rRcxHX82fJxKziYO/s1600/malampaya-seis2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409254098626161186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEichgnFD0cFJRnukYDe0s5rBNZZi5VGnp5RH44Nv1p1SXEmaj8nwXLEaO9N4mjA_E1Q1K6W1fbW1mBJR9gPeH09gq0uAQ6jwXKdK9KOEzPEhWuvpoLYvRdgflstQCK_rRcxHX82fJxKziYO/s400/malampaya-seis2.jpg" style="float: left; height: 286px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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<li>SW Palawan</li>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTaenjfbEXjH7KicYHXmm-aV8z7UEoy4Z9RvUr20mHIoMwprhgvp3bpxpkl5_qIZZRYP2uKfh4zbF0OMutIQd7rjZZNrqSbneojE3rQyzN554HqMDkQ9iYPG2yISDZe2amrmPramfwEmEs/s1600/sw-palawan-location-map.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTaenjfbEXjH7KicYHXmm-aV8z7UEoy4Z9RvUr20mHIoMwprhgvp3bpxpkl5_qIZZRYP2uKfh4zbF0OMutIQd7rjZZNrqSbneojE3rQyzN554HqMDkQ9iYPG2yISDZe2amrmPramfwEmEs/s320/sw-palawan-location-map.JPG" width="252" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Location of seismic lines in Ma Corazon Victor Sta's thesis, 2006</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The Southwest Palawan basin has more Neogene Limestone deposit, which is called Likas Formation. A thesis by Ma. Corazon Victor Sta. Ana include a number of good quality seismic lines which show interesting carbonate features and structures.<br />
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The seismic displayed covers the southern part of the SW Palawan Basin.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQFJ08wDNhsXSDKysqK_0RCSkfZ8Sm9V830RxTnSkV99MGT-wIDh2ahKe6a6ldAcSTzDQ2GsW8d6WdcGPxhVGSMfJXbLnVTca1XdmmT55_W3gjXep-ByIBj2aZOkBrlZXE2_HjgxIa6HH/s1600/sw-palawan-dps93-4a.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQFJ08wDNhsXSDKysqK_0RCSkfZ8Sm9V830RxTnSkV99MGT-wIDh2ahKe6a6ldAcSTzDQ2GsW8d6WdcGPxhVGSMfJXbLnVTca1XdmmT55_W3gjXep-ByIBj2aZOkBrlZXE2_HjgxIa6HH/s200/sw-palawan-dps93-4a.JPG" width="200" /></a></div>
Seismic profile along the southern portion of strike line DPS93-4b. (a) Unintrepreted<br />
(b) Interpreted. Note generally steeper south-facing side of platform is steeper and north-facing<br />
margin has gentler slopes, which reflects prevailing wind direction during platform growth.<br />
Faults above the carbonate strata could be due to compaction. Vertical scale is in milliseconds<br />
two way time.<br />
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Source: Ma. Corazon Victor Sta. Ana (2006)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFXuphbBaoGvRCRlnvRSMbXsNnSoyyjEKy4bR4m_5IesTQDEHFvUVJQJTSzJSw7bO7uqAMdHxqQnuJZP7PxtA_Xw0ljtCU2pMA0wCOXX2SYLKw8ZfgdF8nZ144kEC0diStpp2OVUajL1KN/s1600/sw-palawan-pa105.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFXuphbBaoGvRCRlnvRSMbXsNnSoyyjEKy4bR4m_5IesTQDEHFvUVJQJTSzJSw7bO7uqAMdHxqQnuJZP7PxtA_Xw0ljtCU2pMA0wCOXX2SYLKw8ZfgdF8nZ144kEC0diStpp2OVUajL1KN/s320/sw-palawan-pa105.JPG" width="263" /></a></div>
Seismic profile along strike line PA-105. (a) Uninterpreted. (b) Interpreted.<br />
The profile shows a broad, flat-top platform with late growth stage pinnacle reefs at the margins.<br />
Note steep slope and high platform-to-basin relief at the northern edge of the platform.<br />
Clinoforms in the northwestern part of the line shows syntectonic platform growth. Vertical scale<br />
is in milliseconds two way time. Seismic profile along dip line<br />
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Source: Ma. Corazon Victor Sta. Ana (2006)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK1oPnPYaUAlDxN3B8bVHVLpzbfwF9x4y-XK2yFXLZLc6KzSNdxIs8I9Nl5uk8_LTdPkXgos0zLFwuYhd25HipOkeKdckFZ0vPJjfVu2vuH3M6eIoud9VfOkM3wxMZpP1onZg3jKMb_b1m/s1600/sw-palawan-pa107.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK1oPnPYaUAlDxN3B8bVHVLpzbfwF9x4y-XK2yFXLZLc6KzSNdxIs8I9Nl5uk8_LTdPkXgos0zLFwuYhd25HipOkeKdckFZ0vPJjfVu2vuH3M6eIoud9VfOkM3wxMZpP1onZg3jKMb_b1m/s320/sw-palawan-pa107.JPG" width="264" /></a></div>
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Seismic profile along strike line PA-107 showing the backstepping carbonate<br />
platform. Platform top of Pink sequence shows higher platform-to-basin relief. Vertical scales is<br />
in milliseconds two way time.<br />
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Source: Ma. Corazon Victor Sta. Ana (2006)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_3zXpknNsBdkzp16aaq50wjLXaMQp7n_5mUOTKOpIeg2QwbG-PYgjt1qtpn10gSDCDJiD3R_rDL-QamlsLW1PAalWvNV4NOBOqoF10GTO4PuVPPu1mZ_RMn8zKSMK6z4uwYF-fScD8-xs/s1600/sw-palawan-pa113.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_3zXpknNsBdkzp16aaq50wjLXaMQp7n_5mUOTKOpIeg2QwbG-PYgjt1qtpn10gSDCDJiD3R_rDL-QamlsLW1PAalWvNV4NOBOqoF10GTO4PuVPPu1mZ_RMn8zKSMK6z4uwYF-fScD8-xs/s200/sw-palawan-pa113.JPG" width="188" /></a></div>
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Seismic profile along strike line PA-113 showing basinal and platform margin<br />
facies. (a) Uninterpreted (b) Interpreted. Note onlap of basinal facies on flanks of the isolated<br />
platform. Vertical scale is in milliseconds two way time.<br />
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Source: Ma. Corazon Victor Sta. Ana (2006)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi44XG4NS34WAauW9Njol1HyOlIMOMFBZaBAiFQnouhdAlJmJCrd6z8Rij7tXc6ZNLb0kaq0HParJXAha7PnzA_d_CBf8vJ5uAqkh1IujOw79n4IGGcNR4YfL-u6s1G6EHukqAY82b4G6Sd/s1600/sw-palawan-pa134.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi44XG4NS34WAauW9Njol1HyOlIMOMFBZaBAiFQnouhdAlJmJCrd6z8Rij7tXc6ZNLb0kaq0HParJXAha7PnzA_d_CBf8vJ5uAqkh1IujOw79n4IGGcNR4YfL-u6s1G6EHukqAY82b4G6Sd/s200/sw-palawan-pa134.JPG" width="185" /></a></div>
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Seismic profile along dip line PA-134. (a) Uninterpreted (b) Interpreted. This profile<br />
shows the tilted platform on the eastern part of the study area. Notice the chaotic seismic facies<br />
at the zone of uplift. This is probably due to fracturing caused by the uplift or karstification.<br />
Vertical scale is in milliseconds two way time.<br />
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Source: Ma. Corazon Victor Sta. Ana (2006)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB5unMDYC_qbNhRLBAT_tlK6JglYbzla_kl9GAJ8aszGnUF-J3kLHltiL5k1IoSHe_Z3R93Ds3j9hA86GzWPescPW5B3olcraWwI8QZMMMflWmdezAQVMWR9RhdXNrdn4_O-CDlkTdIxwU/s1600/sw-palawan-pa136.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB5unMDYC_qbNhRLBAT_tlK6JglYbzla_kl9GAJ8aszGnUF-J3kLHltiL5k1IoSHe_Z3R93Ds3j9hA86GzWPescPW5B3olcraWwI8QZMMMflWmdezAQVMWR9RhdXNrdn4_O-CDlkTdIxwU/s320/sw-palawan-pa136.JPG" width="262" /></a></div>
PA-136 showing varied platform morphology. (a) Unintrepreted (b) Interpreted. Faults significantly affected the platform architecture. Vertical scale is in milliseconds two way time.<br />
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Source: Ma. Corazon Victor Sta. Ana (2006)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg7i1POGAeeXNes72BySKEY0qfojC5DfKE5qusC9oVcP9LqIx3vKSA4A2qfq86NG9bWO-dDHytISCTPiz9AStW5N82oIzWIC9fGJ3gf8CFcskNcTgi0UBuk-P2GJGnDcGrvvZMU77A-smE/s1600/sw-palawan-pa138.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg7i1POGAeeXNes72BySKEY0qfojC5DfKE5qusC9oVcP9LqIx3vKSA4A2qfq86NG9bWO-dDHytISCTPiz9AStW5N82oIzWIC9fGJ3gf8CFcskNcTgi0UBuk-P2GJGnDcGrvvZMU77A-smE/s320/sw-palawan-pa138.JPG" width="264" /></a></div>
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Seismic profile along dip line PA-138. Faulting significantly modified the platform
morpholody. Note the differences in platform morphology. Vertical scale is in milliseconds two
way time<br />
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Source: Ma. Corazon Victor Sta. Ana (2006)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOJaLwdFu2ylatcOj1wHxyPA_gMVaoZ7NGIsTixcw-buM2X7x2C99k5eLQvt7JOL8MET8tauhTcuhN8omOVbYqFStdEGEqFUpt2aoeE1O1ldCfA_yByvPvZ9tKzR35hoYLSDnGbq9TyHDG/s1600/sw-palawan-sp97-01.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOJaLwdFu2ylatcOj1wHxyPA_gMVaoZ7NGIsTixcw-buM2X7x2C99k5eLQvt7JOL8MET8tauhTcuhN8omOVbYqFStdEGEqFUpt2aoeE1O1ldCfA_yByvPvZ9tKzR35hoYLSDnGbq9TyHDG/s320/sw-palawan-sp97-01.JPG" width="310" /></a></div>
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Seismic profile along strike line SP97-01. (a) Uninterpreted, (b) Interpreted.
Faulting controlled seismic facies location (arrows) which indicate a strong tectonic effect
during the platform growth. Vertical scale is in milliseconds two way time.<br />
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Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-65306220407374872772009-11-28T20:58:00.006+01:002014-04-18T17:38:33.131+02:00Luconia / Sarawak Basin<div>
Luconia Basin is located offshore Sarawak, Malaysia<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzE_c4-PRNYv6scsc6DVHBYXN6MP3GpLlEPJi3upPsj4v_bBE-kxWbtObvTGcDtqAhqgrbxiD7Ari-sV4S8DeCQaXSh0beBpcdCS-v-htmq6mJV1gkSauqBIKvWjEFWD-jsewW4G4RFsuC/s1600/luconia-margin.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzE_c4-PRNYv6scsc6DVHBYXN6MP3GpLlEPJi3upPsj4v_bBE-kxWbtObvTGcDtqAhqgrbxiD7Ari-sV4S8DeCQaXSh0beBpcdCS-v-htmq6mJV1gkSauqBIKvWjEFWD-jsewW4G4RFsuC/s400/luconia-margin.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409246775191421490" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 254px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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NW-SE seismic profile across Luconia Platform and Mid. Miocene Balingian Delta and rift in deewater. Rectangle shows location of the following seismic line (Source: Thies et al., 2006)<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9TxYo8ArezIQjJXSuHKJFzh5MxpUTMwEJN_vs4BFwf26NhiZZa2kpPOjzKWC1fxOxTtjilJs0pSG2JeEZ4YGS0rFtI8YoXp2hGYQAZhU16Jnaq2pB_VWOCCuQB2hDd03SsGybl0mKY7R9/s1600/luconia-margin1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9TxYo8ArezIQjJXSuHKJFzh5MxpUTMwEJN_vs4BFwf26NhiZZa2kpPOjzKWC1fxOxTtjilJs0pSG2JeEZ4YGS0rFtI8YoXp2hGYQAZhU16Jnaq2pB_VWOCCuQB2hDd03SsGybl0mKY7R9/s400/luconia-margin1.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409250254995951842" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 251px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
Detail of part of seismic line above, showing listric fault bounding half graben, with rift and post-rift deposit (Source: Thies et al., 2006)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-HLhYWJPkvO5fujPVT4fUX5eKLpWtZv4di2iUBWnwKBfj-hEvYg8pwnnRwGm3HCPnEbbBx5TTixChBfcvXHm5s-RwVuAlprrS9tC10wK4iEVccyEvBOAqoVhZ65q3r-BbIj8P6PYX4xMR/s1600/luconia-margin2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-HLhYWJPkvO5fujPVT4fUX5eKLpWtZv4di2iUBWnwKBfj-hEvYg8pwnnRwGm3HCPnEbbBx5TTixChBfcvXHm5s-RwVuAlprrS9tC10wK4iEVccyEvBOAqoVhZ65q3r-BbIj8P6PYX4xMR/s400/luconia-margin2.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409247107461590338" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 241px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a>Seismic line showing rift cycles in half graben.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsPidJyE1pM8h19qdDHmR7dZW8k-0yQck7MjDl_Tdi6HDWKoVOTs_D5VcG02c567WAdfV-RtIWZcMh1S_wP7VL3Rf_1RwDuuL225zmAy04XYFrC7N9a_sFiRMU1y6F_sQ_ywIIq-ILKk3g/s1600/luconia-margin3.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsPidJyE1pM8h19qdDHmR7dZW8k-0yQck7MjDl_Tdi6HDWKoVOTs_D5VcG02c567WAdfV-RtIWZcMh1S_wP7VL3Rf_1RwDuuL225zmAy04XYFrC7N9a_sFiRMU1y6F_sQ_ywIIq-ILKk3g/s400/luconia-margin3.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409247305920897746" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 267px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a> Seismic line CD89-110 (Mulu-1 Tie Line) showing log of Mulu-1 and rift cycles 1 and 2 on horst.</div>
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Reference: Structural and Stratigraphic Development of Extensional Basins: A Case Study Offshore Deepwater Sarawak and Northwest Sabah, Malaysia, By: Kenneth Thies, Mansor Ahmad, Hamdan Mohamad, Richard Bischke, Jeffrey Boyer, and Daniel<br />
Tearpock, Search and Discovery Article #10103 (2006) </div>
Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-46742122041919162772009-11-26T19:59:00.007+01:002014-04-18T17:35:51.535+02:00Phu Khanh Basin<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM_J6SMT0yabjULYuv8vMjq-foz8c2i3AfRgVzFesFUmQgdDOfnHlUf6y7jDO5RPsz80w0Dj7x94Vmq6eMtsouY9hCTLcQJBeyO7LRgBrWjE_UrcEylCWpV3qodXfI5sdGjwGh8hH_bp1D/s1600/viet-map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM_J6SMT0yabjULYuv8vMjq-foz8c2i3AfRgVzFesFUmQgdDOfnHlUf6y7jDO5RPsz80w0Dj7x94Vmq6eMtsouY9hCTLcQJBeyO7LRgBrWjE_UrcEylCWpV3qodXfI5sdGjwGh8hH_bp1D/s1600/viet-map.jpg" height="320" width="242" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Phu Khanh Basin, Vietnam</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Phu Khanh Basin is located in the offshore east Vietnam. The bathymetry in this area is relatively steep as it change from several tens of meters to more than 1000 m in less than 100 km.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Key seismic sections are displayed here.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A. Seismic section showing the northern margin of Phu Khanh Basin, towards Song Hong Basin. These two basins are separated by basement high. (source AAPG)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">B. Seismic section showing the southern margin of Phu Khanh Basin. The section crossed the basement high which separate Phu Khanh Basin and Cuu Long Basin. (source AAPG)</span><br />
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C. W-E Seismic section in the north of Phu Khanh Basin from Vietnam shallow water to deeper offshore showing relatively steep slope.<br />
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D. W-E Seismic section in the north of Phu Khanh Basin<br />
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References:<br />
Bojesen-Koefoed, J. A., Nielsen, L. H., Nytoft, H. P., Petersen, H. I., Dau, N. T., Hien, L. V., Duc, N. A., Quy, N., H., 2005, Geochemnical characteristics of oil seepages from Dam Thi Nai, Central Vietnam: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration in the offshore Phu Khanh Basin, Journal of Petroleum Geology, Vol 28 (1), January 2005, pp 3-18<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpWxQVb_yUpn2l9H0YcRDgdULnqyT3YixkCxufTApaT9x8P7gSj6u0Jpizp9DTKmuOsryRXB0rUcXpuiYzqyfYBXc4aZU7NrQmmdWwGJCh2bRAfhwJ7vadWB0uA8bZKyljzd-Zjz4aQev1/s1600/seis-vietnamseismic02-aapg.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpWxQVb_yUpn2l9H0YcRDgdULnqyT3YixkCxufTApaT9x8P7gSj6u0Jpizp9DTKmuOsryRXB0rUcXpuiYzqyfYBXc4aZU7NrQmmdWwGJCh2bRAfhwJ7vadWB0uA8bZKyljzd-Zjz4aQev1/s400/seis-vietnamseismic02-aapg.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5408489381277253906" style="float: left; height: 240px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"><b>A. Song Hong - Phu Khanh Seismic Section (source: AAPG)</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">Nortern margin of Phu Khanh Basin</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-luY_RZvfpezIEoUrc_JD1u1pZLPzLY2nIkwfXwDvZELo2_wfFNZaopp53kel9sE9VjX84o5SkFjyj2Yf-KwsZCFwtFRZr4_HqbeyLMsPzfP1UwWes-K__UsRDTlz5yToZzXXdAU7bsoM/s1600/seis-vietnamseismic01.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-luY_RZvfpezIEoUrc_JD1u1pZLPzLY2nIkwfXwDvZELo2_wfFNZaopp53kel9sE9VjX84o5SkFjyj2Yf-KwsZCFwtFRZr4_HqbeyLMsPzfP1UwWes-K__UsRDTlz5yToZzXXdAU7bsoM/s400/seis-vietnamseismic01.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5408489274390565282" style="float: left; height: 160px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"><b>B. Cuu Long - Phu Khanh Seismic Section (source: AAPG)</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Southern margin of Phu Khanh Basin</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtIbNaxSUxG4uEQadQZ1NZ9SpUtVteUViXqodd2kNM7TX9qrJWNHjJURg95QBSPAa6JqjrtHy_p3qZNkDu3BJo5YXYWXKlpqS-nGbjXaPJNQiGbomlBX4fRvFvMX9tf_glVM3smdkvbCMP/s1600/seis-viet-bojosen-koefoed-2005-fig11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtIbNaxSUxG4uEQadQZ1NZ9SpUtVteUViXqodd2kNM7TX9qrJWNHjJURg95QBSPAa6JqjrtHy_p3qZNkDu3BJo5YXYWXKlpqS-nGbjXaPJNQiGbomlBX4fRvFvMX9tf_glVM3smdkvbCMP/s1600/seis-viet-bojosen-koefoed-2005-fig11.jpg" height="174" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"><b>C. W-E Seismic Section in the north of Phu Khanh Basin </b>(Bojesen-Koefoed et al, 2005), showing potential kitchen area and its migration path.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwYWsSzjqrsmIEts3U2YnjiCs-PqKH4R4Q-c762vxzRuAT2gZVqmS1oM6lnup_RbwBxE9OqvnfXfR7KUDFhZqu2R-aHdJcNS-pQ8-Apelw-1Ov0FrnZ0SaQV0beI1zprMWRWYcUdXjjVG6/s1600/seis-viet-bojosen-koefoed-2005-fig02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwYWsSzjqrsmIEts3U2YnjiCs-PqKH4R4Q-c762vxzRuAT2gZVqmS1oM6lnup_RbwBxE9OqvnfXfR7KUDFhZqu2R-aHdJcNS-pQ8-Apelw-1Ov0FrnZ0SaQV0beI1zprMWRWYcUdXjjVG6/s1600/seis-viet-bojosen-koefoed-2005-fig02.jpg" height="187" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"><b>D. W-E Seismic Section in the north of Phu Khanh Basin </b>(Bojesen-Koefoed et al, 2005). Horst-grabben system develop below the Lower Miocene horizon. A major progradational feature developed in the upper Miocene.</span><br />
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<u>Reference:</u><br />
Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A., Nielsen, L.H., Nytoft, H.P., Petersen, H.I., Dau, N.T., Hien, L.V., Duc, N.A. & Quy, N.H., 2005: Geochemical characteristics of oil seepages from Dam Thi Nai, central Vietnam: implications for exploration in the offshore Phu Khanh Basin. Journal of Petroleum Geology 28, 3–18.<br />
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Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-1356458407195658192009-06-21T22:33:00.002+02:002014-04-19T14:12:34.351+02:00Gorontalo Basin<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJr7badS91aRM94CmBZW2kg1ZmlJEOAHSWKPtqLjViMsUcVNzbcDlZVHjFTXlNA4udw8fSbTQ9uqw_1b49c1emKeaiha2Cd3b9l0XZ5_sw5liSGC6A87rQt_SGLByZ6hyMonDdxVbuKjna/s1600/gorontalo-location-map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJr7badS91aRM94CmBZW2kg1ZmlJEOAHSWKPtqLjViMsUcVNzbcDlZVHjFTXlNA4udw8fSbTQ9uqw_1b49c1emKeaiha2Cd3b9l0XZ5_sw5liSGC6A87rQt_SGLByZ6hyMonDdxVbuKjna/s1600/gorontalo-location-map.jpg" height="200" width="184" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Location map of Tomini Bay <br />and Gorontalo Basin</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7AVBWNzJzPr2ZBPCTS9sjhB6dd7tWvZ4p9WRAs4_z97z0WY9JlY87t1JNsFAKWP2Kiwg8HIpwgsKxnHw2slvTj_g_z-lFH7TkFyPe2XrRmEpJoArOilAdmCV_23Logd9ZVfT6nt5RLDS9/s1600-h/fugro-gorontalo-seapex.bmp.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7AVBWNzJzPr2ZBPCTS9sjhB6dd7tWvZ4p9WRAs4_z97z0WY9JlY87t1JNsFAKWP2Kiwg8HIpwgsKxnHw2slvTj_g_z-lFH7TkFyPe2XrRmEpJoArOilAdmCV_23Logd9ZVfT6nt5RLDS9/s400/fugro-gorontalo-seapex.bmp.jpg" height="218" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5349882456617529698" style="float: left; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Seismic section across Gorontalo Basin (Source: Fugro)</td></tr>
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Gorontalo Basin is located under the Tomini Bay and is limited by the neck and the north and east arms of Sulawesi Island. The basin opens to the east towards the Molucca Sea. Maximum water depth in the basin goes deeper than 2000 m and sediment thickness is up to about 7 km. The basin still lacks of hydrocarbon exploration activities at the moment, therefore there is no accurate information about the ages of basin-fills.<br />
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Regional tectonic reconstruction of Hall (2002) shows that part of the proto-Gorontalo Basin was most likely located in a fore-arc setting since Middle Eocene to Early Miocene, with the arc being the north arm of Sulawesi. </div>
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<b>Tectono-stratigraphic Evolution of Western Gorontalo Bay, Indonesia</b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Parinya Pholbud (PTTEP)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Abstract, MSc in Petroleum Geoscience, Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Earth Sciences,</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi812x8ZRchBdCzUS9Xn9PzjKXkp4iRhuZNp_jNGmCd_wYHDqfUW3JTqqhd9hTczoBYYLkPMBG2mobrSkig8DtLkhoqSWk5oA6NNC3SMsVuHFJFzdtLzWWS-94C599AXmaD1HRF27grPzVn/s1600/gorontalo-fugro-map+topo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi812x8ZRchBdCzUS9Xn9PzjKXkp4iRhuZNp_jNGmCd_wYHDqfUW3JTqqhd9hTczoBYYLkPMBG2mobrSkig8DtLkhoqSWk5oA6NNC3SMsVuHFJFzdtLzWWS-94C599AXmaD1HRF27grPzVn/s1600/gorontalo-fugro-map+topo.jpg" height="204" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fugro seismic survey in Gorontalo Basin</td></tr>
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Gorontalo Bay exists as one of eastern Indonesia’s mystery basins in terms of its tectonic evolution and stratigraphy. Detailed interpretation of newly acquired regional 2D seismic data provides an understanding of the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the western part of Gorontalo Bay.<br />
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The formation of western Gorontalo Bay and adjacent areas is related to thermal subsidence initiated during the Early Miocene, associated with plate tectonic collision in Sulawesi (—23 Ma). This event initiated the development of the fore-arc basin along a NE-SW trending zone of weakness in Oligocene and older basement rocks. The NE-SW trending basin was filled by thick deep marine sediments. Subsidence was interrupted by a later uplifting event along the southeastern margin.<br />
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Carbonates became dominant in this basin following the formation of a thick carbonate platform. The shallow marine carbonates were developed widely in the basin before rapid subsidence to the present-day deep water (2 km depth). This rapid subsidence is the result of the Celebes Sea subduction and trench rollback during the Pliocene (—5 Ma) to Recent.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8s-FKFyMKduVaaL1XzeAp6ZmETUgUkPUMdmYVXpOoUtQEsYM4ZmhAIp7G3W9bVKPmH3Z4F2O0nqDxm8Sx-mGFH66DD4937VblM39c1V5y7zAKqKYkAgrAQf0UJtCOYO7LvKEdMjZL12vf/s1600/gorontalo-fugro-seis-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8s-FKFyMKduVaaL1XzeAp6ZmETUgUkPUMdmYVXpOoUtQEsYM4ZmhAIp7G3W9bVKPmH3Z4F2O0nqDxm8Sx-mGFH66DD4937VblM39c1V5y7zAKqKYkAgrAQf0UJtCOYO7LvKEdMjZL12vf/s1600/gorontalo-fugro-seis-1.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Example of seismic data from the Gorontalo Basin <br />(source: Fugro / searcherseismic.com)</td></tr>
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The results from this study imply that this basin potentially has a petroleum system for future hydrocarbon exploration according to the depositional environments. Hydrocarbon could be sourced from mature deep marine sediments in the basin centre. Mixed grain rocks, fractures and local unconformities within the sedimentary mega sequences potentially form economical stratigraphic plays. These should be the major targets for hydrocarbon exploration in this area.<br />
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Supervisor: Robert Ha1l, Marta Pérez-Gussinyé & Chris Elders<br />
Data provided by: Searcher Seismic, Fugro Multi Client Services PTY Ltd & TGS-Nopec</div>
Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-71696187207916990972009-01-17T21:05:00.012+01:002019-04-11T04:52:36.264+02:00South Java Basins<b><span style="font-size: large;">South Java Basins</span></b><br />
The western Indonesian fore-arc basins extend more than 1800 km from northwest of Aceh to southwest Java. The width of the basins varies from less than 70 km south of the Sunda Strait to about 120 km in the west off northern Sumatra. The basins form a strongly subsiding belt between the elevated Sumatra Paleozoic–Mesozoic arc massif cropping out along Sumatra and Java, and the rising outer arc high.<br />
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(Contributor: Dieter Franke, BGR)<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Seismic Sections:<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqL7QZpyZQ05cHVITXNMX-nkw_HxZT2prfKt7XzClCcS-DBg9I8dOkBV3ZWhMyxZ1BDPY4xwJ50E4F-CjAx5kVKe7Fmj0pRJiLjQviJgCc_SHhAN8FbmqLAGGTSDBUvyl5Qu-myUgYP-75/s1600-h/Abb_so137-31_col_location.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5292357861581068482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqL7QZpyZQ05cHVITXNMX-nkw_HxZT2prfKt7XzClCcS-DBg9I8dOkBV3ZWhMyxZ1BDPY4xwJ50E4F-CjAx5kVKe7Fmj0pRJiLjQviJgCc_SHhAN8FbmqLAGGTSDBUvyl5Qu-myUgYP-75/s320/Abb_so137-31_col_location.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 229px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;" /></a></span>Figure 1. Location map of line ABB-SO-137-31, south of Banten, West Java.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0MwS5fysQgysBCCtDxzm4sjVxnXT2B_9bOovVmi2s1-loknVaWOOYRRC6oA23pLXsR8e1-ubU7nrhmanfa71UwUKh6n7W4qH38aDQu-q0qKkff2Dze-b7GDjqV8XEUjt1A3DBTGZvFmS4/s1600-h/Abb_so137-31_col_noint.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5292357503449491362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0MwS5fysQgysBCCtDxzm4sjVxnXT2B_9bOovVmi2s1-loknVaWOOYRRC6oA23pLXsR8e1-ubU7nrhmanfa71UwUKh6n7W4qH38aDQu-q0qKkff2Dze-b7GDjqV8XEUjt1A3DBTGZvFmS4/s320/Abb_so137-31_col_noint.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 156px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;" /></a>Figure 2. NW-SE oriented uninterpreted section of line ABB-SO-137-31. Data courtesy: BGR<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1gC_D6TAuqBlmE32wYqJ6i79kXzogti41PYKlYgcRQixl2inz3ZXhEFx7RJtQconXe3kBiNBTbzHDrkJbhyphenhyphenrXe1f7fWZUrfCYNGsTgIASqvc5-v6TML_m2kmU3FVBsJyeYFPJdkG9FPjA/s1600-h/Abb_so137-31_col.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5300477862944863458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1gC_D6TAuqBlmE32wYqJ6i79kXzogti41PYKlYgcRQixl2inz3ZXhEFx7RJtQconXe3kBiNBTbzHDrkJbhyphenhyphenrXe1f7fWZUrfCYNGsTgIASqvc5-v6TML_m2kmU3FVBsJyeYFPJdkG9FPjA/s320/Abb_so137-31_col.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 156px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 320px;" /></a>Figure 3. Interpreted section of line ABB-SO-137-31. Data courtesy: BGR<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW6wGfRO9_njKid8q-6-zi-NHAeuc-wk4gu3ED1-AXpx_E8CqwL53AePLfxrMGB27e9_RxfdbFLG_pkVjBY8HdZPuwrtB6zOPoFr3zkc6rDejiRPhytkedASRpi4rbm-aJD9ghoIAKh-Jj/s1600-h/Abb_so137-36_col_location.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5292359992322513970" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW6wGfRO9_njKid8q-6-zi-NHAeuc-wk4gu3ED1-AXpx_E8CqwL53AePLfxrMGB27e9_RxfdbFLG_pkVjBY8HdZPuwrtB6zOPoFr3zkc6rDejiRPhytkedASRpi4rbm-aJD9ghoIAKh-Jj/s320/Abb_so137-36_col_location.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 230px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;" /></a>Figure 4. Location of line ABB-SO-137-36<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY1MA8HWP4MJs5X3Px37ZiwylG4AfWwresnGt86tQG1tJews4nxhEfeGbUspLZNFPU3QDLHFi4fKwGOmm2aKoOXSDf5MeRQW3uU7qCLovVNpXX67GIAsBVRmavkEA3blKqkbWhcx5E2Mv5/s1600-h/Abb_so137-36_col_noint.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5292358705625556722" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY1MA8HWP4MJs5X3Px37ZiwylG4AfWwresnGt86tQG1tJews4nxhEfeGbUspLZNFPU3QDLHFi4fKwGOmm2aKoOXSDf5MeRQW3uU7qCLovVNpXX67GIAsBVRmavkEA3blKqkbWhcx5E2Mv5/s320/Abb_so137-36_col_noint.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 117px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;" /></a>Figure 5. SW-NE orientation seismic line ABB-SO-137-36. Data courtesy: BGR<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4ctXr3DG8Xp9teBRbOWj-7SGdddSshF0RsUC_L3J7oGFZfjxPwqXthb62h1VMFgzBeg-iaUawjz3q2lQeN1YPiXbJB5c-M6pg8bge7D-USyPrnzmaptySenrsCchvOsEIAluswIbE7WdD/s1600-h/Abb_so137-36_col.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5300478740464418050" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4ctXr3DG8Xp9teBRbOWj-7SGdddSshF0RsUC_L3J7oGFZfjxPwqXthb62h1VMFgzBeg-iaUawjz3q2lQeN1YPiXbJB5c-M6pg8bge7D-USyPrnzmaptySenrsCchvOsEIAluswIbE7WdD/s320/Abb_so137-36_col.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 117px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 320px;" /></a><br />
Figure 6. Interpreted seismic line ABB-SO-137-36. Data courtesy: BGRMinarwan (Min)http://www.blogger.com/profile/01758691030020606859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-41027672621879575982008-11-25T17:21:00.005+01:002014-04-18T17:16:02.307+02:00Data Provider<div align="center">
The main data provider for this online atlas are:</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuSHqejd9Gon6UhSTRgMU0Xz9qMK8dKbVIV2L7ud-NDKSeRoMP2qJdxbJDoIIEiy001R9P6mtq0k84QVx1lGU7L2bKeJ5gSVzMO_aNZdZj8-FjqXO6vHdfXnYMtznRZlRpcF9UdTge_JDA/s400/logo.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272633175543849138" style="cursor: hand; display: block; height: 313px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 350px;" /><br />
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The committee are thankful for their contributions<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHfD_pBJ4Z6yByzDs1m8YAPAcSnReHX-PIxhv5u_KqjyZItqSB7YOc9lA-8oa8nv45hy_H0Esye_xiNfiKmVg-Mr4q6sEaI79XInE2vlTzJ62ysoopFS1hJO3FxATuz5AH2FpcJQoOjwqs/s1600-h/TGS-Nopec.jpg"></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8kFFMuyZeB_yCB7VSCku9wgtwL2YSL8uTEIzhyphenhyphenM_FLAxVHCJnwt0QEz_ONSKFppGyTl1XSVut6TTs4QUsuz2P4tOKSJGfbdq4x936a-V1jqU9up81HGi_pqqEKqbot5Le4WkLTtX042Xg/s1600-h/cggVeritas.jpg"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5-3XB-eg69vbOH3GWnsWBrAtNcPRP1pPRzubJrGqCR8OroeCeKzIxMTumBi5DtJ-JDf8xHWD-VBre0JsIXaIHbhA54PE46x15if6bRluFvbZ5D09n4zvDF48ckq6U1obkLqL2T7g5ZYHB/s1600-h/Fugro.jpg"></a><br />
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Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-86587646747552509152008-11-16T08:40:00.007+01:002014-04-22T20:55:51.057+02:00Sandakan Basin<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3u41ZMLGpPSAnPL9Q8UJNdIlAUsUCX93xYWP4I0YOTpbRZqWz85ydR2BJgDngHBSa_YGku_qh0wtWrS-MXqRFjiUbn4FNuqXvwqKkBvOJYhYa8qQjz3h8RzJ2UrUcaKci5FfZak41Tkqk/s1600-h/seis-sandakan1-bmp.bmp"></a>Sandakan Basin is located in the northern part of Borneo Island. Similar to other circum-Borneo basins, the Sandakan Basin is dominated by shallow to deep marine clastics sequences.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3u41ZMLGpPSAnPL9Q8UJNdIlAUsUCX93xYWP4I0YOTpbRZqWz85ydR2BJgDngHBSa_YGku_qh0wtWrS-MXqRFjiUbn4FNuqXvwqKkBvOJYhYa8qQjz3h8RzJ2UrUcaKci5FfZak41Tkqk/s1600-h/seis-sandakan1-bmp.bmp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3u41ZMLGpPSAnPL9Q8UJNdIlAUsUCX93xYWP4I0YOTpbRZqWz85ydR2BJgDngHBSa_YGku_qh0wtWrS-MXqRFjiUbn4FNuqXvwqKkBvOJYhYa8qQjz3h8RzJ2UrUcaKci5FfZak41Tkqk/s400/seis-sandakan1-bmp.bmp" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328355665251580306" style="float: left; height: 175px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 1. NW-SE Seismic Section of part of Sandakan Basin (Petronas, 2000).</td></tr>
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Foreset features of Sehabat Formation, indicating sediment transport from NW to SE. Source: Petronas 2000 in Tate, 2001.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFMdR8jmu-YpcNoX3g6NnDDwAOrbEgETCKG5nuQa9O0-sakMaxByA9UsEwC_7nCXPKAYQC9TXplmZVe-pD9pQ9CAjFCPbuMqWBBknweGn0H9GrZTEpCV4gEuOTeggYOtbsiztVmMTNLa_u/s1600-h/seis-sandakan1.jpg"></a><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbV0s1h29APQUubfbo7Ns9EhRgrNw0sqp_SJuPFwD6NxUMyrpIWjZDZeDNz_ptBBvFJvUXUbwMDPhCufBthnE1r9apUPl2_jYspCMtS7wd6OCHvstMzUKWkf20kYtwde8kgtyOi696ABOb/s1600-h/seis_sandakan3.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbV0s1h29APQUubfbo7Ns9EhRgrNw0sqp_SJuPFwD6NxUMyrpIWjZDZeDNz_ptBBvFJvUXUbwMDPhCufBthnE1r9apUPl2_jYspCMtS7wd6OCHvstMzUKWkf20kYtwde8kgtyOi696ABOb/s400/seis_sandakan3.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328355970204586082" style="float: left; height: 232px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 2. Manalunan-1 geoseismic interpretation after Wong, 1993.</td></tr>
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A scetch of a seismic section across Manalunan-1 well which penetrated the Sehabat formation (Modified after Wong, 1993)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5gbaxO_Z5AcH8CIOBb53xutuTPQ53HbsZwPZ5fO5u_9itlNDgaIgH3n7ecnIRjGeir9fsmastoWDxtX3gUU0HPjpEB8W-VYiU1FNwr3-Is84gnt3qwwwi2DtxsX2MgMOhzmzNCpUt51bh/s1600-h/seis_sandakan3.jpg"></a><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS1Juev1iiX4P8ppS7jh5fS07GDrh7X_2lKDvRb5gbSDdO8MFF8nnjyZzDTmLt0b5K6jG5THgFymC_b4y0-1zjCjp9SNahM9zf86xkDvnCl7Hr3p_lJt6yj67OWmxoouA6OYWbiYsbUU-r/s1600-h/seis-sandakan2-bmp.bmp" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS1Juev1iiX4P8ppS7jh5fS07GDrh7X_2lKDvRb5gbSDdO8MFF8nnjyZzDTmLt0b5K6jG5THgFymC_b4y0-1zjCjp9SNahM9zf86xkDvnCl7Hr3p_lJt6yj67OWmxoouA6OYWbiYsbUU-r/s400/seis-sandakan2-bmp.bmp" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328353628930580658" style="float: left; height: 165px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 3. NW-SE orientation seismic section (Petronas 2000)</td></tr>
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NW - SE orientation seismic section </div>
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shows Pad Basin which is bounded by 2 flower structure system (Source: Petronas 2000 in Tate, 2001)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge_-1UudWeMBbqjul5_QvIvw7VXycZFPaMEqAz50Hyx68tTjd9CrNH5ndWKTvMeMKmXGehPKAwdBLFFJbL4obk5Cei2Z1g89HFcu0itv3UuO86PbRa8iBjeZZYV7vUvJnKFBfY6jqXbDKb/s1600-h/seis-sandakan1.jpg"></a><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXwwTVMjK2Z-mDWZnZL6Z5E_7_yfqYoraITCmVu6Z0XffpPxuO_QIE9US4n1jxxdPR3xYZ4UBV_6ik-3Zc_pnedleE4N_nj44GaXiffgvLuixq8tvRAHeYYAbvCljdqAz20XHeX8l5Wtp4/s1600/futalan-asp-sandakan-map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXwwTVMjK2Z-mDWZnZL6Z5E_7_yfqYoraITCmVu6Z0XffpPxuO_QIE9US4n1jxxdPR3xYZ4UBV_6ik-3Zc_pnedleE4N_nj44GaXiffgvLuixq8tvRAHeYYAbvCljdqAz20XHeX8l5Wtp4/s1600/futalan-asp-sandakan-map.jpg" height="210" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 4. Seismic section and well distribution of Futalan et al. (2012) study.</td></tr>
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Futalan et al.(2012) published 2 seismic lines in the Philippines territory of Sandakan Basin (Fig. 4).<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXS9Unzc0_5Zj6Xe65eFBKu2t7VHfVxa4GWo5DCqeeSbt9G9vWcgE24nMNVuBifei1IbyEpbjFXi3vSkVEQOeAWVFn3eOBs6A3aHC_BNYQraX8fI8k6fAfWVvCJXFC3dbBWDGVU81EQB2Y/s1600/futalan-asp-sandakan-seis-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXS9Unzc0_5Zj6Xe65eFBKu2t7VHfVxa4GWo5DCqeeSbt9G9vWcgE24nMNVuBifei1IbyEpbjFXi3vSkVEQOeAWVFn3eOBs6A3aHC_BNYQraX8fI8k6fAfWVvCJXFC3dbBWDGVU81EQB2Y/s1600/futalan-asp-sandakan-seis-1.jpg" height="89" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 5. Seismic section of Futalan et al. (2012)</td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6vrPtwxZTrNAYujGLzMeLb7mQfv2BZd4a0FQIVTuGKvuiDq2cGBunZkrKpovaO7cpqS6wVMr1xWFMgBjYDnFro7YAsQ5I6n34n_nImuIZJref73owp5Y2DmiQruP0j2UPL9ScJu18uxKX/s1600/futalan-asp-sandakan-seis-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6vrPtwxZTrNAYujGLzMeLb7mQfv2BZd4a0FQIVTuGKvuiDq2cGBunZkrKpovaO7cpqS6wVMr1xWFMgBjYDnFro7YAsQ5I6n34n_nImuIZJref73owp5Y2DmiQruP0j2UPL9ScJu18uxKX/s1600/futalan-asp-sandakan-seis-2.jpg" height="157" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 6. Seismic section across Hippo-1 well (Futalan et al., 2012)</td></tr>
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Seismic interpretation along a seismic section by Futalan et al., 2012.<br />
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A zoom in and detail seismic interpretation across Hippo-1 well is shown in Fig. 6.<br />
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<u>References:</u><br />
Futalan, K., Mitchell, A., Amos, K., & Backe, G., Seismic Facies Analysis and Structural Interpretation of the Sandakan Sub-basin, Sulu Sea, Philippines, Search and Discovery Article #30254 (2012) Posted October 29, 2012<br />
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Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-48619001584555122592008-11-16T08:39:00.010+01:002014-04-18T17:19:38.178+02:00Natuna Sea and Sarawak Basin<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh29rLXubyQRLP9B9z5sPA0KXOoxBcah3jRgedI_0sCu3fbOOoPOrALdOmRoofEM92b79aV14zqwSrZHjJFuxJRzmg_8ma8BtiySZnv1CPVe3hXX59TV5dQh45Aww4o7Gr5sqDKuDGX4Vn6/s1600-h/natuna-map.jpg" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh29rLXubyQRLP9B9z5sPA0KXOoxBcah3jRgedI_0sCu3fbOOoPOrALdOmRoofEM92b79aV14zqwSrZHjJFuxJRzmg_8ma8BtiySZnv1CPVe3hXX59TV5dQh45Aww4o7Gr5sqDKuDGX4Vn6/s400/natuna-map.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5318475859501172850" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 300px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Natuna Sea area is the southern extension of the South China Sea, mainly in the Indonesian territory. This area is divided by two parts by Natuna Arch, namely West Natuna Basin which extend to Malay Basin in West Malaysia and East Natuna Basin which extend of Sarawak Basin in East Malaysia<br /><br />The West Natuna Basin was formed as an intra-continental rift basin within the Sunda Platform, the southern margin or Eurasian Plate. The basin has undergone Eocene-Oligocene extension, followed by Miocene to present day contraction and inversion.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">In Late Cretaceous-Early Eocene reconstruction, East Natuna Basin was part of a large fore-arc basin extending from offshore Veitnam, across Natuna Sea to Sarawak. The SW-NE trending structures in East Natuna Basin are controlled by extensional faults and half grabens similar to the ones found in West Natuna Basin, but the rift magnitude is generally less than the ones in the West Natuna Basin.</span><span style="font-family: courier new; font-size: 78%;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: courier new; font-size: 78%;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><span style="font-family: courier new; font-size: 78%;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br /></span></span></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqZm2YZWhBzWLOPC_YI7w5ohbuZpFvQ0gDYv5VnUDtJ92qO1PxZ_n2HIuKR2Qe9OKZQJmGML_W7SLF8ANXakmaZ8dXltsLcP1m_i1mJkdhosrZdK7JBxV8cmUgf4LuIGgZ8QPt-oVOvBFp/s1600-h/natuna-west-seis.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqZm2YZWhBzWLOPC_YI7w5ohbuZpFvQ0gDYv5VnUDtJ92qO1PxZ_n2HIuKR2Qe9OKZQJmGML_W7SLF8ANXakmaZ8dXltsLcP1m_i1mJkdhosrZdK7JBxV8cmUgf4LuIGgZ8QPt-oVOvBFp/s400/natuna-west-seis.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5318480152703371618" style="float: left; height: 250px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: arial;">West Natuna Seismic </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sections</span></strong><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /> Seismic reflection section over the Anambas graben. Tectonic inversion over the graben occurred during the Miocene. Brown marker is the top Oligocene, Gabu formaion wheras the blue marker represents the Pliocene unconformtiy after inversion. The bright spots near basement may represent lacustrine source rocks with high TOC. Source: Fenstein, 2000.<br /></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif3vyx-C9qCCSkC94sykCQNFefxHtYlMYnCivzXYNh8ZzE7RWqWuCpdJQlf19m5Ux1szBJifzEhLRpq_qpzEicyWd4RY0F9xJHNAcjRLAAkgeCozbpdIhfF5aBWHJ2NDGe2R851K5WzByc/s1600-h/natuna-west-sect.gif" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif3vyx-C9qCCSkC94sykCQNFefxHtYlMYnCivzXYNh8ZzE7RWqWuCpdJQlf19m5Ux1szBJifzEhLRpq_qpzEicyWd4RY0F9xJHNAcjRLAAkgeCozbpdIhfF5aBWHJ2NDGe2R851K5WzByc/s400/natuna-west-sect.gif" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5318482570693141362" style="float: left; height: 265px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><span style="font-family: inherit;">Play concepts for West Natuna basin (</span>Netherwood R., 2000<span style="font-family: inherit;">, after Fainstein and Meyer, 1988)</span><br />
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<strong style="font-family: inherit;">East Natuna Seismic Sections</strong><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPVrcz6pzAZbCMwUOPNeaNWSuVYDggT1RmXhknzC4-UX0pNl4iJ-I0ckqw8cfo4aBqu1zk1SOx7uJF5GlrBJIyShjRYL5u9VUSljFO-z0u5LUdT_AmO5a-EHU8dlU64spBh4lWg3IPXglw/s1600-h/natuna-east-seis-g.gif" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPVrcz6pzAZbCMwUOPNeaNWSuVYDggT1RmXhknzC4-UX0pNl4iJ-I0ckqw8cfo4aBqu1zk1SOx7uJF5GlrBJIyShjRYL5u9VUSljFO-z0u5LUdT_AmO5a-EHU8dlU64spBh4lWg3IPXglw/s400/natuna-east-seis-g.gif" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5318484460482381506" style="float: left; height: 276px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Seismic reflection section of East Natuna. No inversion occurs in this area. Blu marker represents top of carbona te reservoirs. Bursa is an oil field and Alpha-D is teh giant Natuna gas field (source: Fainstein, 2000).</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGzFCCOMreJcO92YZtrqfxI045afC2ckhZvqEwDoFX9-ju5FLOUpFaDtcHvnEsX6PhUhII6KzSsuJMQ3GDXZsbjUFvpGpmH9UEofujY0G_7O0iUYvQFiCra7tSUeSzEhcZIyFb9rkOf8YL/s1600-h/natuna-east-sect-g.gif" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGzFCCOMreJcO92YZtrqfxI045afC2ckhZvqEwDoFX9-ju5FLOUpFaDtcHvnEsX6PhUhII6KzSsuJMQ3GDXZsbjUFvpGpmH9UEofujY0G_7O0iUYvQFiCra7tSUeSzEhcZIyFb9rkOf8YL/s400/natuna-east-sect-g.gif" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5318485367576851122" style="float: left; height: 247px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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<span style="color: #0000ee;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Play concepts for East Natuna basin (source: </span>Netherwood R., 2000<span style="font-family: inherit;">, after Fainstein and Meyer, 1998)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">ION Geophysics acquired deep seismic in Natuna area. The sections go as deep as 40 km. Below are a map and a sample section from their <a href="http://www.iongeo.com/Data_Library/Asia_Pacific/NatunaSPAN/" target="_blank">brochure</a> </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBldl9M2KltTQffnHpwBD3aQY7U-S6Cr89J1BBCD3VXr4uhvz4sZ00a9Srg0gyo8PugJQayy57jw3M8zfUs6XyD5nUq_SLLL0-KmYgNMfisi4Gpnu8Y6o3vnReEfFfKG1mzsPRPsh0QZWA/s1600/indo-natuna-map-ion-span-c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBldl9M2KltTQffnHpwBD3aQY7U-S6Cr89J1BBCD3VXr4uhvz4sZ00a9Srg0gyo8PugJQayy57jw3M8zfUs6XyD5nUq_SLLL0-KmYgNMfisi4Gpnu8Y6o3vnReEfFfKG1mzsPRPsh0QZWA/s1600/indo-natuna-map-ion-span-c.jpg" height="119" width="200" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ3DhxrT8CMPVgTaDPJsJZe8p6VuYuW_XVSw0pYnD9tocF1F7clhc8haW3czXYtDwl17ouGOLGmggi2nLD3aTKFzBOEFyxZ6xijtReKgbD-JB6pXxa8Fhnz9kg3WvOk1pSzNve0cz4qpOE/s1600/indo-natuna-seis-ion-span-c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ3DhxrT8CMPVgTaDPJsJZe8p6VuYuW_XVSw0pYnD9tocF1F7clhc8haW3czXYtDwl17ouGOLGmggi2nLD3aTKFzBOEFyxZ6xijtReKgbD-JB6pXxa8Fhnz9kg3WvOk1pSzNve0cz4qpOE/s1600/indo-natuna-seis-ion-span-c.jpg" height="118" width="320" /></a><br />
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<u>References:</u><br />
Netherwood R., 2000, The Petroleum Geology of Indonesia, in: Blunden, T. (ed.), Indonesia 2000, Reservoir Optimization Conference, SchlumbergerDarmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-19529215191332162132008-11-15T21:05:00.022+01:002014-04-19T13:47:19.812+02:00Makassar Strait Basins<div style="text-align: left;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx5joDW4BnSjLbLthQBEvJVW_d5VpMjMyqfEE4cerkOgjTtxo5CO2GjybfD_RCcJaXilThVHgyLA4ygGeg2tEPygOGDMUZYt2fGBxdJ7anVPFuiV5Jsnj8UDQVnXAjMPh3xJqMzORMdy0L/s1600/maka-basemap-well-block.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx5joDW4BnSjLbLthQBEvJVW_d5VpMjMyqfEE4cerkOgjTtxo5CO2GjybfD_RCcJaXilThVHgyLA4ygGeg2tEPygOGDMUZYt2fGBxdJ7anVPFuiV5Jsnj8UDQVnXAjMPh3xJqMzORMdy0L/s1600/maka-basemap-well-block.jpg" height="320" width="230" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tectonic provinces in the Makassar Strait Region (Darman, 2014)</td></tr>
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Makassar Strait is located between Borneo and Sulawesi Island. In general the region is separated into two parts by NW-SE Adang - Paternoster Lateral Fault. The northern part compose of Kutei Basin in the west, North Makassar Basin in the centre and two basins in the east called Lariang and Karama Basins. Palu-Koro Fault set the northern boundary of the northern part. Paternoster Platform and the South Makassar Basin is located in the southern part of this region.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtW9MMJhn17_Fejd6tErEXOrZQIRshnGLe6xxhliyPw1OIr14UBR_d6ZT0fsN6VctY2_Hv78hb-FsbWJyh5j1rZNg1suXJYT4jAqPn9lldRHhIFow6Z-xpy52GgngXoWdDCXb3wz8ezujB/s1600/pgs-MakassarMP_seismic1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtW9MMJhn17_Fejd6tErEXOrZQIRshnGLe6xxhliyPw1OIr14UBR_d6ZT0fsN6VctY2_Hv78hb-FsbWJyh5j1rZNg1suXJYT4jAqPn9lldRHhIFow6Z-xpy52GgngXoWdDCXb3wz8ezujB/s1600/pgs-MakassarMP_seismic1.jpg" height="112" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 2. PGS-1 South-North Seismic section across across Makassar Strait (Source: PGS)</td></tr>
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PGS has processed and published a NS seismic line which cross different tectonic unit in the Makassar Strait. PGS-1 line goes across Muara Sub-basin of Tarakan Basin in the north, Mangkalihat Platform, North Makassar Basin, South Makassar Basin, Paternoster Platform and Lombok Basin.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8MjBqteZXJSdfa1wj7wssi-66DqEBvYHCwvGxuLKFmKRBbo2eJnXB_e9LHNpY09Q_37G3rqs8d_VEksyCyWLBLxc12xQklIZ1GkIoqQa7NgvASQtQFrulc9RZmsQfB1sBi2doa_7cNLs2/s1600/maka-basemap-pgs-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8MjBqteZXJSdfa1wj7wssi-66DqEBvYHCwvGxuLKFmKRBbo2eJnXB_e9LHNpY09Q_37G3rqs8d_VEksyCyWLBLxc12xQklIZ1GkIoqQa7NgvASQtQFrulc9RZmsQfB1sBi2doa_7cNLs2/s1600/maka-basemap-pgs-1.jpg" height="200" width="179" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 3. Location map fo PGS-1 seismic line</td></tr>
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<b>1. Palu Koro Fault</b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaq_5c8eFHKFwnm5uQOvwN2l6g_rYpFbGQs7hP5h43u8syQBRyFwxNL8EDCew3FDj4xw0lXnFtXE7_nbkL8Q_ubYOVDdo_TR-Jev29ZRu_NixhKlJlTPHFNtUJ5ZJo5bmpGWZsNVAdk3rl/s1600/tgs-makassar-ipa-bailie2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaq_5c8eFHKFwnm5uQOvwN2l6g_rYpFbGQs7hP5h43u8syQBRyFwxNL8EDCew3FDj4xw0lXnFtXE7_nbkL8Q_ubYOVDdo_TR-Jev29ZRu_NixhKlJlTPHFNtUJ5ZJo5bmpGWZsNVAdk3rl/s1600/tgs-makassar-ipa-bailie2.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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Fig. 4. TGS seismic line which shows the Mangkalihat Platform </div>
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and the Palu Koro Fault system (right; Baillie, 2005)</div>
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The NW-SE oriented Palu Koro Fault system developed in the north of Makassar Strait. This fault is still active and generated a number of significant earth quake in Sulawesi onshore. The seismic section offshore shows a rough seabottom. Figure 4 shows a seismic section across the Mangkalihat Platform on the left and rough sea-bottom topography on the right, which is caused by the Palu-Koro fault system. Figure 5 provide the zoom-in image of Figure 4 to show the detail of the Palu-Koro fault system.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk6cvL2eTPOAn4iPVRvwpBPH93TxMupEvWM1HE9C_dOGe1rsjCVv2hgfKIbtVVw5mPvhc5u_GHcKeIiZrQe-_ci9xN-vuHGU4j7QtEhcY7ggbvSq5TylDFgihisAzQLEmF1592txGX6YhA/s1600/tgs-makassar-ipa-bailie4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk6cvL2eTPOAn4iPVRvwpBPH93TxMupEvWM1HE9C_dOGe1rsjCVv2hgfKIbtVVw5mPvhc5u_GHcKeIiZrQe-_ci9xN-vuHGU4j7QtEhcY7ggbvSq5TylDFgihisAzQLEmF1592txGX6YhA/s1600/tgs-makassar-ipa-bailie4.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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Fig. 5. TGS Seismic line, showing the detail of the Palu Koro </div>
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Fault in Fig. 4 (Baillie, 2005)</div>
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<b>2. Offshore Kutei Basin</b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB_mKYjHSxKIutnIMrifTaZPJZCm0Gv13Qeb76p45973ZJXjZH-LQ3bDoIik583KyNpopM79X8bhAaRyVUzxxCMYJe12Jn0lmLpZrKtA4un3emsoxSHAf8sTux4ksdfJzBDE_2CpQpj8w3/s1600/tgs-makassar-ipa-bailie3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB_mKYjHSxKIutnIMrifTaZPJZCm0Gv13Qeb76p45973ZJXjZH-LQ3bDoIik583KyNpopM79X8bhAaRyVUzxxCMYJe12Jn0lmLpZrKtA4un3emsoxSHAf8sTux4ksdfJzBDE_2CpQpj8w3/s1600/tgs-makassar-ipa-bailie3.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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Fig. 6. TGS MDD99 Line 19, showing the eastern margin </div>
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of offshore Kutei Basin. </div>
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The majority of Kutei Basin covers the eastern part of Borneo onshore. The drainage basin supplied sediments to the paleo-Mahakam Delta which develop further as deepwater system in the Makassar Strait. TGS MDD99 Line 19 (Fig. 6) shows the margin between the offshore Kutei Basin and the Northern Makassar Strait. The seismic section shows minimum deformation in the Northern Makassar Strait (right of Fig. 6) and potential toe-thrust system developed in the outer margin of the offshore Kutei Basin (left of Fig. 6).<br />
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PGS 3D seismic reprocessing in the southern part of offshore Kutei Basin (Fig. 7) provide some detail images of the deltaic - deepwater system.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5NVxim5PsZWEdAWrlksBsKPjV71itdFK5ULqxVlm8RJ12m-s7ZjkUHr1QLGZsFaT9s5DIGK9RRXRtVBcQiznXyoXW53BfUNQGpRM3TWnZh_e99a659bi7yhg9ziRaDHs2Gkl5IY1X4qAU/s1600/pgs-MCSurveyMap_Makassar1.gif" height="200" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 7. Location map of the 3D seismic reprocessed by PGS.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8al2RRdLCkzWFSBsYBFQ_R0XuxKYeEXvfhTkURu9HRJCQ8DeLigCOWkh9u6SGypm2orZ_fbPwFXavUm7J9_05xf3n5FSPaV9dxddsd0DL9f788Pp8NjiQ4va-w3psVR29gFQorId_3vgM/s1600/pgs-MakassarNorthRepro_2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8al2RRdLCkzWFSBsYBFQ_R0XuxKYeEXvfhTkURu9HRJCQ8DeLigCOWkh9u6SGypm2orZ_fbPwFXavUm7J9_05xf3n5FSPaV9dxddsd0DL9f788Pp8NjiQ4va-w3psVR29gFQorId_3vgM/s1600/pgs-MakassarNorthRepro_2.gif" height="137" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 8. Dip line of PGS 3D seismic</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEQ-4AjZM6jjchEZFRgRBV-xgWdQ9m4LdE5_yNW8LjVBDVaMP-R415EPj77Oz_6TZSVnq91xpC4os-oIr1HllxLH2qMw7NbFka7hfsavn7OSO7FaInZ52JCWdW_KPaRLF30k_8f8D4t1X4/s1600/pgs-MakassarNorthRepro_1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEQ-4AjZM6jjchEZFRgRBV-xgWdQ9m4LdE5_yNW8LjVBDVaMP-R415EPj77Oz_6TZSVnq91xpC4os-oIr1HllxLH2qMw7NbFka7hfsavn7OSO7FaInZ52JCWdW_KPaRLF30k_8f8D4t1X4/s1600/pgs-MakassarNorthRepro_1.gif" height="137" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 9. Strike line of PGS 3D seismic</td></tr>
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<b>3. Lariang Basin</b><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR3H7KcNHh60it0UazTIrufWt9NlegQXa7c0VwUB_gwK0AS6QLcnHYFWOhBwMw9utTqUNLa-LL2rnHBVme0B9GhMGtxDWTvbpJfgj5tzPHzK-nVT65yn-Q0z2Zd-H9lWTPTRtFi8JQW7Du/s1600/tgs-makassar-ipa-bailie1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR3H7KcNHh60it0UazTIrufWt9NlegQXa7c0VwUB_gwK0AS6QLcnHYFWOhBwMw9utTqUNLa-LL2rnHBVme0B9GhMGtxDWTvbpJfgj5tzPHzK-nVT65yn-Q0z2Zd-H9lWTPTRtFi8JQW7Du/s1600/tgs-makassar-ipa-bailie1.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">
Fig. 10. Seismic expression of North Makassar Strait (left) and </div>
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Majene thrust belt (right). After Baillie, 2005. </div>
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<b>Structural Styles of the West Sulawesi Deep-Water Fold and Thrust Belt, Makassar Straits, Indonesia</b><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">by Jose de Vera & Ken McClay Fault Dynamics Research Group, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaZ9samYu8srzPNf9h4kVuOqeD6grg5BC9C29vhkyN5yANE1TwR4pdkkZkI_6X1vqS4D1bZ1Vd41WV0OIasHcJ7N6fD-792bn0-rB0Ta1_TAM96UxZiWwv4BQY9YOs3N_K3AIure-Nowg-/s1600-h/tgs-data_indo_makassar_lg.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaZ9samYu8srzPNf9h4kVuOqeD6grg5BC9C29vhkyN5yANE1TwR4pdkkZkI_6X1vqS4D1bZ1Vd41WV0OIasHcJ7N6fD-792bn0-rB0Ta1_TAM96UxZiWwv4BQY9YOs3N_K3AIure-Nowg-/s320/tgs-data_indo_makassar_lg.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5268978238102674690" style="float: left; height: 208px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 320px;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: start;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Southeastern part of Makassar Basin, Deepwater fold</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">belts. Source: TGS</span></div>
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The offshore margin of West Sulawesi (eastern Makassar Straits) is characterized by an active, Late Miocene/Early Pliocene to present day, NE-SW-trending and NW-verging deepwater fold and thrust belt. The fold and thrust is approximately 250 km long and as much as 75 km wide and consists of an Oligocene to present day succession that was deposited on subsiding, thinned, rifted continental crust and is now deformed by SW-to NE-verging thrust fault-related folds deformed on multiple detachment layers. Based on the across strike variations in structural style and bathymetry changes, the West Sulawesi fold and thrust belt can be divided into five across-strike main structural domains. From northwest to southeast these are: the abyssal plain, the deformation front, the folded domain, the thrust domain and the inversion domain. The abyssal plain is solely deformed by Pliocene to Pleistocene, low-displacement, planar extensional faults, which are interpreted to be the result of flexural subsidence ahead of the advancing thrust front. The structural styles of the deformation front are strongly controlled by inversion of the Pliocene to Pleistocene extensional faults. Inversion of pre-existing faults controls fault localization and fold vergence, giving rise to complex wedge and triangle zone geometries.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKdaQ5dxCC_S89uoh3Ps9Ped0NV06X813reKel4xdImONWaMHuNQhOub5RQB3oeINCeF9mp3W80l0SF8gcEXZqCcfErjxZMhAbDZ3VRP_Rocl7MAgYJyVK7BzYyBgWKYjuCxTZcSTOyZmM/s1600-h/tgs-lotm_oct-05.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKdaQ5dxCC_S89uoh3Ps9Ped0NV06X813reKel4xdImONWaMHuNQhOub5RQB3oeINCeF9mp3W80l0SF8gcEXZqCcfErjxZMhAbDZ3VRP_Rocl7MAgYJyVK7BzYyBgWKYjuCxTZcSTOyZmM/s320/tgs-lotm_oct-05.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5268978932124766162" style="float: left; height: 210px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 320px;" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Southeastern part of Makassar Basin, Deepwater fold</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">belts. Source: TGS</span></div>
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The structural styles of the folded and thrust domains are characterized by complex NW- to SE-trending detachment and fault-propagation folds, with multiple detachment levels developed in Oligocene and Miocene mudstones. The inversion domain is the innermost and oldest element of the thrust belt and consists of large anticlines that resulted from reactivation of Paleocene rift structures. The results presented in this work are based on the structural analysis of 3480 km of regional 2D seismic lines.<br />
The structural patterns described here have implications for understanding fault-fold geometries and growth in other deepwater fold and thrust belts.<br />
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<u>Reference:</u><br />
AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90090©2009 AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, Denver, Colorado, June 7-10, 2009<br />
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Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-34724347946718694382008-11-13T21:12:00.007+01:002023-07-18T15:33:31.754+02:00South Sumatra Basin<div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRsEtXHem5oc_hW3Diu60Ir0OdqAs0j9Nyj8dpKU12bWEU9Gbc0q1YRS5GeTk3_9mzIZG8MA4WMgxaA8s26ojKrd3uNJu2iruLqnaaiAgp5X1CGMvsExPCDUzbq0dS7j__TAa3eUGyRjLM/s1600/seis-south-sumatra-map.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRsEtXHem5oc_hW3Diu60Ir0OdqAs0j9Nyj8dpKU12bWEU9Gbc0q1YRS5GeTk3_9mzIZG8MA4WMgxaA8s26ojKrd3uNJu2iruLqnaaiAgp5X1CGMvsExPCDUzbq0dS7j__TAa3eUGyRjLM/s200/seis-south-sumatra-map.JPG" width="119" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRsEtXHem5oc_hW3Diu60Ir0OdqAs0j9Nyj8dpKU12bWEU9Gbc0q1YRS5GeTk3_9mzIZG8MA4WMgxaA8s26ojKrd3uNJu2iruLqnaaiAgp5X1CGMvsExPCDUzbq0dS7j__TAa3eUGyRjLM/s1600/seis-south-sumatra-map.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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The South Sumatra Basin is most southern back arc basin of Sumatra Island. It is bounded to the west by an active volcanic arc along the Sumatra Fault System.The basin has long petroleum history. Significant number of oil and gas fields were discovered in this basin. Example of several seismic section across several fields in this basin are displayed here:<br />
1) Suban Field<br />
2) Kaji Semoga<br />
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<b><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFTK-XLNzJSi8DIi2deYda_aWXJj0sT6-s9lE4zypNOIaJww4kntsPg8nNJKl2rT9JhxHr_w3pCaw_mVMy55Qz91vG-Cz0fhL7a14GrLIAa0E8SnO_PhCu0VwUgWsXxJdbRHDFrtUVDFAIYyaxkODyWr_vyoMXJKzV4JI0h88T7_poD-06wndcS8LMKidr/s1312/id-south-sumtara-basin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1210" data-original-width="1312" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFTK-XLNzJSi8DIi2deYda_aWXJj0sT6-s9lE4zypNOIaJww4kntsPg8nNJKl2rT9JhxHr_w3pCaw_mVMy55Qz91vG-Cz0fhL7a14GrLIAa0E8SnO_PhCu0VwUgWsXxJdbRHDFrtUVDFAIYyaxkODyWr_vyoMXJKzV4JI0h88T7_poD-06wndcS8LMKidr/s320/id-south-sumtara-basin.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Depth to basement map of South Sumatra Basin shows the isochrone contours in Two-Way-Time. The map shows the position of oil and gas fields relative to the depocenter <a href="https://journal.iagi.or.id/index.php/FOSI/article/viewFile/48/19" target="_blank">(Darman & Yuliong, 2020)</a></td></tr></tbody></table>1. Suban Field</b><br />
The Suban Field is located on top of a basement high as shown the following regional section prepared by Hennings et al, 2012 (in Marino Baroek, 2015). The stratigraphic units described in this section are:<br />
6. Upper Nuicebe-Pliocene sandstone, shale, coal, volcanic - Kasai Formation<br />
5. Middle-Upper Miocene sandstone and shale<br />
4. Lower-Middle Miocene organic shale and rare sandstone - Telisa Formation<br />
3. Lower Miocene platform and reefal (3a) carbonate - Batu Raja Formation<br />
2. Paleogene/Neogene granite wash and clastic sequences - Lemat and Talangakar Formations<br />
1. Sub-Cenozoic crystalline and metamorphic basement<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9JvMgWamm-8dIGHQMSpFoKyVIjXIutgEaxKyEQasZQgE5wsAx_SZ7vqLLoV3XJbJkZOlZP2CFqJaeqsaHlPf_3TPggYWRO3GATlLPxvvSnygX7AnD7GO9RDc7z-2ma4m4rsUS6ECLqq7H/s1600/seis-south-sumatra-regional-sect.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="42" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9JvMgWamm-8dIGHQMSpFoKyVIjXIutgEaxKyEQasZQgE5wsAx_SZ7vqLLoV3XJbJkZOlZP2CFqJaeqsaHlPf_3TPggYWRO3GATlLPxvvSnygX7AnD7GO9RDc7z-2ma4m4rsUS6ECLqq7H/s320/seis-south-sumatra-regional-sect.JPG" width="320" /></a><br />
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Hennings et al, 2012 also prepared a field scale seismic section, showing several segments of the field, named Southwest, Centre and Northeast Domain, shown on the following figure.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGxSs2_xSgfWnR_hNFFsqsGGm7z0ph-q9slDibRU_xOuaOUP8Yh0ySg3xmA5Tv73VjSPdce4u8GHFWuMgQPFvYWjcvYDFCMCu_VftmeMeJDgdlPAkdsJNQaz5xqlxAAQBKTcy4sW8hOQYB/s1600/seis-south-sumatra-suban-sect.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGxSs2_xSgfWnR_hNFFsqsGGm7z0ph-q9slDibRU_xOuaOUP8Yh0ySg3xmA5Tv73VjSPdce4u8GHFWuMgQPFvYWjcvYDFCMCu_VftmeMeJDgdlPAkdsJNQaz5xqlxAAQBKTcy4sW8hOQYB/s400/seis-south-sumatra-suban-sect.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b>2. Kaji Semoga Field</b><br />
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Hutapea et al., (2000) published some information about Kaji-Semoga field in South Sumatra Basin.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis9QKeTjsK2cnYl_ypwgILPcftJqLp062iEoRglKbLBpnneDA-yeAC2ZwmZhYscjm5lCi55P77ZYOntM-0olOU-XhrzuuJIV9ZRWorioYEfy747ebsIzYj_2m0ucwXJDmxBK7NV-R_sfyP/s1600-h/kaji-semoga-map-jpg.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325393150081019794" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis9QKeTjsK2cnYl_ypwgILPcftJqLp062iEoRglKbLBpnneDA-yeAC2ZwmZhYscjm5lCi55P77ZYOntM-0olOU-XhrzuuJIV9ZRWorioYEfy747ebsIzYj_2m0ucwXJDmxBK7NV-R_sfyP/s400/kaji-semoga-map-jpg.jpg" style="float: left; height: 156px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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Two seismic sections of Kaji and Semoga Field are displayed here:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHSdDhiGMSD9hOQMoMQPdmQuzyCju2y6tfYdQiepedDRWin1ogFkPkvl89BuvRcSVGThSH8qAnlbmxumnSf5onnhOJd5S3qm1PES5dTRzFAbqmk9qjKENmsXoKmRNTyUDlsVdx4Xz7p_WE/s1600-h/kaji-semoga-seis-jpg.jpg"></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNyy0WvpCQfxpWMiP_xeGnfUZEWuXa58J3VYluEl-qyO6HSscAlBQqHYqSpDJbe44KPMAy-8opFDpYeQuroyab-oIch7KKVINv0ci-I509VBDmi3pl1VhaSccC3uEpY7hLcpPp2P3mBfZ-/s1600-h/kaji-semoga-seis-jpg.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325395819263709266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNyy0WvpCQfxpWMiP_xeGnfUZEWuXa58J3VYluEl-qyO6HSscAlBQqHYqSpDJbe44KPMAy-8opFDpYeQuroyab-oIch7KKVINv0ci-I509VBDmi3pl1VhaSccC3uEpY7hLcpPp2P3mBfZ-/s400/kaji-semoga-seis-jpg.jpg" style="float: left; height: 192px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a> Section A went from West to East, crossing both Kaji and Semoga Field. </div>
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The lowest horizon in red is the top of the granitic basement. Both Kaji and Semoga Field are consist of carbonate reefs of Baturaja Formation, which built on top of basement high.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY84hJ1An_VDM6mqHaU_T1TtkqjfimMiAU_7CpigIPP0oqWNzbefSr6E-7ugYY4atKm6HM32FsnPt_LmKXwwPfWoNHkpV7Uvs9kJmNidekKQLPY0jwWoFmN-e5UH3U0Dd39kByqhgQXwge/s1600-h/kaji-seis-jpg.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325396051919411522" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY84hJ1An_VDM6mqHaU_T1TtkqjfimMiAU_7CpigIPP0oqWNzbefSr6E-7ugYY4atKm6HM32FsnPt_LmKXwwPfWoNHkpV7Uvs9kJmNidekKQLPY0jwWoFmN-e5UH3U0Dd39kByqhgQXwge/s400/kaji-seis-jpg.jpg" style="float: left; height: 204px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a></div>
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Section B is a North-South section across Kaji Field. Generally the basement is getting deeper southward in this part of the basin.</div>
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Minarwan (Min)http://www.blogger.com/profile/01758691030020606859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-50431868619746699002008-11-13T21:11:00.003+01:002014-04-18T17:42:39.642+02:00Central Sumatra Basin<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVVdGjbBBH12EjlZxJQmkD2a6dL1BsEnPFk3WZbXkK_GGg_X9itEurZwz3sOqqSboFoNsyPYWuyC8TG090nv4Y84X77ahy02pj2E2x-RJkg99is7QLmk4LK8I1ozWzubOQVutOpltXutbg/s1600/indo-central-sumatra-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVVdGjbBBH12EjlZxJQmkD2a6dL1BsEnPFk3WZbXkK_GGg_X9itEurZwz3sOqqSboFoNsyPYWuyC8TG090nv4Y84X77ahy02pj2E2x-RJkg99is7QLmk4LK8I1ozWzubOQVutOpltXutbg/s1600/indo-central-sumatra-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVVdGjbBBH12EjlZxJQmkD2a6dL1BsEnPFk3WZbXkK_GGg_X9itEurZwz3sOqqSboFoNsyPYWuyC8TG090nv4Y84X77ahy02pj2E2x-RJkg99is7QLmk4LK8I1ozWzubOQVutOpltXutbg/s1600/indo-central-sumatra-01.jpg" height="227" width="320" /></a></div>
Central Sumatra is one of the most prolific basin in Indonesia. It has a long history of oil production.<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.15999984741211px;">Images a half graben in the Central Sumatra basin where Oligocene strata thicken westward above an east-dipping normal fault that is locally defined by a prominent fault-plane reflection. In the uppermost part of the synrift section, at least three axial surfaces separate horizontal strata on the left (west) from inclined strata in rollover panels on the right (east) </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 14px;">(Shaw et al., 1999).</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcf8J6mNXPd8eFpm5nMyqlNwqcoj7xrMXaUlrgyQjSNPSJ0U65KmpG8HxeD965D79IGhLZJ8pGbXa-KyncNS1hRYgi5EU5ZXpvWSO6VRViPV-Zne76KEaWdzDfOJOemzN7Isw0GNfpIbyH/s1600/indo-central-sumatra-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcf8J6mNXPd8eFpm5nMyqlNwqcoj7xrMXaUlrgyQjSNPSJ0U65KmpG8HxeD965D79IGhLZJ8pGbXa-KyncNS1hRYgi5EU5ZXpvWSO6VRViPV-Zne76KEaWdzDfOJOemzN7Isw0GNfpIbyH/s1600/indo-central-sumatra-02.jpg" height="204" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Examples of growth triangles and angular unconformities in half grabens that are imaged in migrated seismic reflection profiles from the Central Sumatra basin. Note how strata above the angular unconformities in the east become concordant to the west in the deeper parts of the half grabens. Datum (0 km) is sea level (Shaw et al., 1999)</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 14px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Migrated seismic reflection profile ZZ' along the strike of the trough that images a central low area bounded to the north and south by structural highs. Basin highs and lows are caused by lateral changes in fault geometry. The omitted portion of the profile includes an area of younger folding associated with faults other than the normal fault. Horizontal scale equals vertical scale; datum (0 km) is sea level </span></span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 14px;">(Shaw et al., 1999)</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 14px;">.</span><br />
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<u>References:</u><br />
Shaw, J. H., Hook, S. C., Sitohang, E. P., 1999, Extensional Fault-Bend Folding and Synrift Deposition: An Example from the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia, Search and Discovery Article #40004<br />
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<br />Minarwan (Min)http://www.blogger.com/profile/01758691030020606859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-39665556292195177752008-11-12T22:39:00.002+01:002014-04-18T17:39:33.865+02:00Timor Sea<span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Timor-Tanimbar Trough, Eastern Indonesia</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Introduction</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Timor-Tanimbar Trough is an oceanic trough, which is an eastern continuation of the Sunda Trench. It marks the boundary between Indo-Australian Plate's continental shelf and the Timor Plate in the north. The trough is located in the south of Timor Island and is called the Timor Trough with WSW to ENE orientation. Further east, the trough orientation changes to SW-NE and is called Tanimbar Trough.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO0w9JB42eg9R0vbXFE-06k5ap-7Cbq1GOkCvcYzJQVk5WBxcYqNt1wsIUbGNsxpZ2DEtP1QqD88KrP7gLIPKSWi1cZNDhhzTos5hS_7WV-Ge-h5NzNuc_PILLKg-vsINcPvuv0GoLRhIk/s1600/fig1-timo-map-v12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO0w9JB42eg9R0vbXFE-06k5ap-7Cbq1GOkCvcYzJQVk5WBxcYqNt1wsIUbGNsxpZ2DEtP1QqD88KrP7gLIPKSWi1cZNDhhzTos5hS_7WV-Ge-h5NzNuc_PILLKg-vsINcPvuv0GoLRhIk/s640/fig1-timo-map-v12.JPG" height="394" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Figure 1.</strong> <em><span style="font-family: Garamond;">Map of the Timor-Tanimbar Trough showing the location of seismic sections discussed. AP = Ashmore Platform; SP = Sahul Platform; VG = Vulcan Graben; MG = Malita Graben; CG = Calder Graben; GG = Gouburn Graben; MH = Mereuke High; MSP = Money Shoal Platform; BA=Barakan Basin; BB = Bonaparte Basin. Modified after Charlton, 2004 and Carter et al., 2003. </span></em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A number of seismic lines across Timor-Tanimbar Trough have recently been published by different authors in several publications. Five of those seismic lines which provided regional geological understanding of the southern part of Banda arc, are discussed in this paper (Fig. 1). These seismic lines provide a better geological understanding of the area after Hamilton published regional seismic lines in 1979. In this paper, consistent stratigraphic nomenclature has been applied to these key seismic lines. This will help to understand the regional geological process in chronological order.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From west to east, the coverage of the sections published in this article are as follow: </span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Section 1: West part of Timor trough, published by Jones et al (2011; Fig. 2)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Section 2: East part of Timor trough to Australian Platform, published by Lee and Bawden (2011; Fig. 3); </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Section 3: A regional older section, which provides a regional understanding of the tectonic in the area, is published by Hamilton (1979; Fig. 4);</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Section 4: South of the Tanimbar trough, published by Carter at al. (2003; Fig. 5); </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Section 5: A regional section across the northern part of Tanimbar trough published by Dinkelman et al, (2010; Fig 6), with details which is published by Roberts et al (2011).</span></li>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Figure 2.</strong> <span style="font-family: Garamond;"><em>Seismic Section 1 of the western part of Timor Trough after Jones et al, 2011. "H" marks <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">the western most horst observed on this section. </span></span></em></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYwWz0NF-Blg2Tw1MKMZUC28IV92fRZofwDRBc8FBLYRrNr_BWAiN_pWI8IoAVRjKjwiQVVeUdrb7127dt1Ji323mhfceyfAJ1qMvwuVuYiUlTCDDIC2c2yhtpaLgrqvw1nYgaVVPnD1HY/s1600/fig3-timo-sect2-v12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYwWz0NF-Blg2Tw1MKMZUC28IV92fRZofwDRBc8FBLYRrNr_BWAiN_pWI8IoAVRjKjwiQVVeUdrb7127dt1Ji323mhfceyfAJ1qMvwuVuYiUlTCDDIC2c2yhtpaLgrqvw1nYgaVVPnD1HY/s640/fig3-timo-sect2-v12.JPG" height="460" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Figure 3.</strong> <em>Seismic Section 2 of the eastern part of Timor Trough after Lee and Bawden (2011). This section also shows the accretionary wedge in the north and the Sahul Platform in the south.</em></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This article discusses the observations of these seismic lines, but the alternative interpretations are quite limited, for the lack of access to the original data. Seismic-to-well tie is not explained in the source of these seismic sections, and it will not be discussed in this paper.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNseaEcImTRqomJVPf-TcJoH5JEt5dUUfUCn7QqtfPwPjOHqBd_eH9bMTCJFp00R2atOW6qizp7lqKtKII60c2jrOWiJB8vQsjvjcoCJLLAsHrLd-dw4Z_G9fIfSfWg4_A6NVsJmeAo7Ii/s1600/fig4-timo-sect3-usgs-v12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNseaEcImTRqomJVPf-TcJoH5JEt5dUUfUCn7QqtfPwPjOHqBd_eH9bMTCJFp00R2atOW6qizp7lqKtKII60c2jrOWiJB8vQsjvjcoCJLLAsHrLd-dw4Z_G9fIfSfWg4_A6NVsJmeAo7Ii/s640/fig4-timo-sect3-usgs-v12.JPG" height="306" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Figure 4.</strong> <em>Seismic Section 3, a long regional seismic section covering Australian Continental Shelf in the south to Weber Basin in the outer Banda Arc, published by Hamilton (1979). The quality of the seismic is poor for detail stratigraphic interpretation but it clearly shows the major tectonic unit in the region such as the Tanimbar outer-arc ridge and Weber outer-arc basin which is almost 8 km deep.</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Stratigraphy</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The stratigraphic nomenclature used in this article, refers to the chart published by Jones et al (2011) after Charlton, 2006 and Edwards et al, 2004 (Fig. 7). The key stratigraphic information in this area is taken from Timor Island outcrops and a number of wells in the Australian side of Timor Sea. The stratigraphy chart only goes as old as Permian and doesn’t cover the Carboniferous to Precambrian interval indicated in the south of Tanimbar trough.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Five seismic markers, which are commonly used in the sections, are added into the stratigraphic chart. These markers are Top Permian, Top Triassic, Darwin, Turonian and Base Cenozoic. All horizons, apart from Darwin horizon, are related to major unconformities caused by tectonic events.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The outcrops in West Timor are not easily tied to the offshore seismic in the trough, because seismic correlation across the accretionary complex is very difficult. Complex fault system has disturbed the seismic reflectors as shown in Fig. 2 (for an example).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the stratigraphic chart (Fig. 7), Triassic and lower Jurassic with sand dominating formations, are existing in Bonaparte Basin and part of West Timor. The Lower Cretaceous interval is dominated by a shaly formation of Wai Bua Nakfunu Formation in West Timor and Echusa Shoals Formation in Bonaparte Basin. Carbonate sequence developed well in most of the area during the Lower Tertiary. Neogene formation does not exist in West Timor due to tectonic uplift in the area.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Timor Trough</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Timor Trough is located in the south of Banda Arc with water depth up to 2000 meters. In this area, the Australian plate is subducting northward below the Asian Plate and generating an accretionary complex. Part of this complex is exposed in Timor Island. Several model of the tectonic system in this area has been discussed by Richardson and Blundell (1996).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Two sections represent the Timor Trough in this article. Section 1 is located the south of West Timor (Fig. 2), published by Jones et al, 2011. This section mainly shows the structure and stratigraphy in the middle of the trough with a little part of Ashmore Platform in the south and part of the accretionary complex in the north. The water depth in this area reaches 3 seconds two-way-time.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Permian unit is the deepest interpreted interval in this section (Fig. 2). In the south, the Permian interval comes as shallow as 4 seconds. The intra Permian seismic reflector is generally clear in the south but they are poorly imaged in the middle of the section.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Triassic unit is very thick compare to other sections discussed in this paper. Towards the centre of the trough, the Triassic section is up to 2.6 seconds. This unit is sub-divided into three units by the base Chalis and Pollard Formation horizons. These nomenclatures come from Bonaparte Basin stratigraphy chart shown in Figure 7. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A series of normal faults cut through the Permian and Triassic section in the south of the section. These faults generated a series of horst and graben in the Permian section. The south and north heading faults cut each other in the Triassic section in the Triassic interval with minor offset. In other sections these faults formed hourglass structure pattern as discussed in detail by Çiftçi, N. B. & Langhi, L. (2012).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the south of Section 1, the seismic reflectors of the Triassic unit has been truncated, indicating an erosional process which formed an angular unconformity. This phenomenon is probably caused by a tectonic uplift related to the Ashmore Platform, which is started in Late Triassic (Carlton et al, 2012, this volume).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The majority of Jurassic and Cretaceous unit is not existed in the south of Section 1. To the north the Jurassic unit in Section 1 is gradually thickening towards the centre of the trough. The Cretaceous unit also only appears in the trough area, but there is no significant thickening is seen on the seismic section. Possibly the sediment transport direction is perpendicular to Section 1. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Cenozoic section in Section 1 is also thickening towards the trough. A number of faults has gone through this unit and go up to top of section, creating some sea bottom expressions. The thrust fault in the north of this section has created a significant sea bottom relief (Fig. 2).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the east of the Timor Trough, longer Section 2 shows more of the accretionary wedge and the tectonically stable Sahul Platform (Fig. 3). Similar to Section 1, Lee and Bawden (2011) started their interpretation with Permian interval. Below the base Permian interval, however, a number of continuous reflectors are still well observed. These reflectors are probably belong to Carboniferous or older stratigraphy. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The overlain Triassic unit in Section 2 is relatively constant in its thickness (Fig. 3). Carlton (2012, this volume) indicates an early development of Sahul Platform in late Triassic. Unfortunately this section is not detail enough to support this model, but the thickness changes of the overlain Jurassic unit to the south and north may support it.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A major northward dipping fault in edge of the Australian Shelf generates an offset of nearly 1.5 sec. TWT at the lowest part of the section. Poorly imaged seismic downthrown of the fault makes the correlation across the fault difficult. This major offset is also seen in Section 1 (Fig. 2) at the similar position of the trough.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Cretaceous unit in Section 2 (Fig. 3) shows a gradual thinning towards the trough. In the proximal part, Lee and Bawden (2011) sub-divided the Cretaceous interval into 3 subunits by the Darwin and Turonian horizons. The Darwin Formation is ranging from Valanginian to Aptian in age. The horizons in Section 2 indicate the top of the formation. This formation is dominated by shale. Edwards et al (2004) called this interval Echusa Shoals Formation in the Bonaparte Basin. In West Timor this formation is equivalent to Wai Bua Nakfunu Formation. The top Darwin horizon is also a marker of the hiatus above Echusa Shoals Formation and close to the top of Wai Bua Nakfunu Formation.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Tanimbar Trough</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The eastern extension of the Timor Trough goes to the south of Tanimbar Islands and so it is called the Tanimbar Trough. The orientation of the trough has changed to SW-NE orientation and it is narrower than the Timor Trough. The maximum water depth in this area is also up to > 2000 meters. The water depth in Section 4 and 5 (Fig. 5 & 6), are about 2.5 sec. TWT.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyFUnCdgfz2rcHGkMrehBFyxh7ohwpwRl2G_FoAB6Os7vzBMVJZfjYGO297kjRacwcv-SiLKeA8NTLLm8H5Wn-lmd6bAIZpghffy4i-DrzFBOs0dDW4-rVnUcCAdUMXnsTZej6omH3Fvdr/s1600/fig5-timo-sect3-v12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyFUnCdgfz2rcHGkMrehBFyxh7ohwpwRl2G_FoAB6Os7vzBMVJZfjYGO297kjRacwcv-SiLKeA8NTLLm8H5Wn-lmd6bAIZpghffy4i-DrzFBOs0dDW4-rVnUcCAdUMXnsTZej6omH3Fvdr/s640/fig5-timo-sect3-v12.jpg" height="640" width="472" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Figure 5.</strong><em> Seismic Section 4, composite seismic sections showing the tectonic units in the south of Tanimbar Trough such as the Banda Arc accretionary wedge, Tanimbar trough, northeastern Abadi High and the Calder Graben (after Carter et al, 2003)..</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Section 3 (Fig. 4) shows a regional setting from Australian Continental Shelf to the Weber Basin, published by Hamilton (1979). The water depth is gradually deepening from south to north. In the north part of the section, the water depth is getting shallower in shorter distance towards the Tanimbar Islands. This steeper slope is generated by the subduction process. Further to the north, the section goes through the outer arc basin, and it is called the Weber Basin. The deepest part of the basin reaches 7 km of water depth. The seismic reflections in the Australian Continental Shelf are clearer than the rest of the section because the shelf is tectonically less disturbed. The Tanimbar Island complex is caused by complex faulting mechanism. And in the south of Weber Basin, a recent accommodation space has developed in a water depth of 4-5 km, as shown by the flat seabed. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOCWuZrOy7FGjUjTqhkQOM6f9kqGyKGue-Qvd5O6fmAPIfGQ4vY7dRPBQcYOcaqRCUj1qyq3Lq4xYLgtXeVOSAAXLNDPZD0mvUc6HFtUUUsDPnX6OfRObjhM4CTTjYAFMq1WrvoIr1xuRO/s1600/fig6-timo-sect3-v12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOCWuZrOy7FGjUjTqhkQOM6f9kqGyKGue-Qvd5O6fmAPIfGQ4vY7dRPBQcYOcaqRCUj1qyq3Lq4xYLgtXeVOSAAXLNDPZD0mvUc6HFtUUUsDPnX6OfRObjhM4CTTjYAFMq1WrvoIr1xuRO/s640/fig6-timo-sect3-v12.jpg" height="640" width="530" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Figure 6</strong>. <em>A) Section 5 regional seismic line from the Arafura Basin in the east to outer Banda Arc in the west after Dinkelman et al, 2010; B) Detail section of Section 5 published by Lee & Bawden, 2011, showing part of the Australian Platform subducted below the accretionary complex; C) Stratigraphic interpretation of B).</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Carter et al. (2003) has interpreted Precambrian to Carboniferous interval at the base of Section 4 (Fig. 5). This unit is the deepest observed stratigraphy in this article. The shallowest Carboniferous unit is observed in the northern part of Abadi High, about 4 sec. TWT deep. The seismic section shows a missing section and it probably happened due to tectonic uplift and erosion in the SE of this fault block. The seismic reflector of the base of Ordovician unit is not well defined in this section. However, Carter et al (2003) has interpreted SE ward thickening in the Calder Graben and the east most part of this section. In Calder Graben, the Ordovician section varies from 0.6 to 1.7 sec. TWT. In the NW of Calder Graben this section has small variety of thickness change and in Tanimbar trough this unit is only 0.5 sec. TWT thick or less.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Minor Permian and Triassic interval have been interpreted by Carter et al (2003) in the northwest of Section 4. The missing Permian to Triassic interval in the southeast of Section 4 is not well explained. Charlton (2012, this volume) indicates a major NNE-SSW sinistral lateral fault in this area during Permian. This may explain the missing Permian to Triassic interval in the majority of Section 4 (Fig. 5).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Jurassic interval covers Section 4 entirely (Fig. 5). Carter et al (2003) interpretes thicker Jurassic interval in the Calder Graben, in southeast and thinner unit in the northwest. The fault pattern in Section 4 has indicated that the faults have created a local depression in Calder Graben and generating an accommodation space for the Jurassic unit. The faults work in a similar way for the overlain Cretaceous unit. In the south of the Northern Abadi High, the Cretaceous unit is about 1.5 msec TWT and in the north of the high it changes to < 0.5 sec. TWT.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Above the Cretaceous unit, the Cenozoic interval covers the entire Section 4. The Cretaceous interval is gradually getting thicker towards the trough. In the SE of the section, the thickness of this unit is about 1.2 sec. TWT and is changing to 2 sec. TWT in the centre of the trough. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1CLoOKDzyn-lljhZYF-53MLsVDjfxyzbTTe-KGEXyKcNhRoEobB1Ng6VUZYHAzMqyNMt66mKhsXsD8iKUH6BZoC8ztCV5czZKwV4YS_WH4gn9frA465zdKKEDV-qEjPcEAiRJ9gifavd9/s1600/fosi-timo-strat-v12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1CLoOKDzyn-lljhZYF-53MLsVDjfxyzbTTe-KGEXyKcNhRoEobB1Ng6VUZYHAzMqyNMt66mKhsXsD8iKUH6BZoC8ztCV5czZKwV4YS_WH4gn9frA465zdKKEDV-qEjPcEAiRJ9gifavd9/s640/fosi-timo-strat-v12.JPG" height="640" width="626" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Figure 7</strong>. <em>Stratigraphy of West Timor (Charlton, 2006) and Bonaparte Basin (Edwards et al, 2004)as reference for the stratigraphy of the Timor-TanimbarTrough</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A regional seismic section goes across the north of the Tanimbar Trough (Fig. 6A), showing the relationship of the Arafura Basin, the Tanimbar Trough and the accretionary wedge complex in the west. In Section 5A, Dinkelman et al. (2010) shows the pre-Cambrian Wessel Group and Mc Arthur Basin in the north of Tanimbar Trough. These two units can reach up to 25 km in the south of the Arafura Basin. Base on Arafura-1 well and outcrops in Wessel Islands, Struckmeyer (2006) describes these units as consist of mainly shallow marine sandstone, siltstone and mudstone with minor conglomerate and carbonates. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A detail section of the regional section in Figure 6A is published by Roberts et al (2011), shown in Figure 6B. The interpretation of this section is based on the horizons used in Figure 3, where both have similar section of the Australian shelf. The interpretation of this section is started with Permian unit which underlain the SE part of the section. The overlain Triassic unit has poor seismic reflectors in the ESE part of the section. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An insignificant thickness change is observed from Jurassic to Cretaceous interval as seen on Section 5. It is very clear in the section (Fig 6B) that the Australian Shelf goes below the Tanimbar accretionary complex. The Jurassic interval is about 0.3 to 0.5 sec. TWT and the Cretaceous interval is divided by Darwin and Turonian as displayed in Section 2. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Timor-Tanimbar trough is bounded by the Banda Accretionary Wedge in the north with complex structures and poor reflectors. Seismic interpretation is hardly possible in this tectonic unit. The faults generate an irregular sea bottom surface. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the south of the Timor Trough, thick sedimentary sequence above the stable Australian Plate is dipping to the north. Close to the trough, the sequence is cut by intensive fault system. Several faults go up to the surface and generate some sea bottom expressions. There are sea bottom terraces caused by major faults.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Towards the east, the orientation of the trough gradually swings to the north and commonly called as the Tanimbar Trough. Strike slip fault system developed at the northern end, close to Kai Islands.The trough becomes narrower and shallower compared to the Timor Trough. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The northward direction of Australian plate movement may cause the geometry of the trough system. In the south of this study area, the Australian plate moves almost perpendicular to the Asian plate margin. The collision formed the accretionary complex, Timor Island and Timor trough subsequently. To the north, the Australian plate movement direction is subparallel to the eastern edge of the Asian plate and this lateral movement formed the narrower Tanimbar trough with strike slip faults.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Acknowledgement</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The author would like to thank Wayan Heru Young and Junida Rejeki Purba for reviewing this article.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>References:</strong> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Carter, P., Barber, B., Fraser, T., Baillie, P., Myers, K., 2003 Under-explored Petroleum Systems in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic of the Timor and Arafura Seas, Eastern Indonesia, SEAPEX Conference proceedings.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Charlton, T. R., 2004, The Petroleum Potential of the Banda Arc, AAPG Bulletin, v. 88.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Charlton, T. R., 2012, Permian-Jurassic Paleogeography of the SE Banda Arc Region, Indonesian Sedimentological Journal, v. 24 (this volume).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Çiftçi, N. B. & Langhi, L., 2012, Evolution of the hourglass structures in the Laminaria High, Timor Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon traps, Journal of Structural Geology, Volume 36.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dinkelman, M., Granath, J., Christ, J. and Emmet, P., 2010, Arafura Sea: A Deep Look at an Underexplored Region SEAPEX Press No. 62, Volume 13, Issue 4, Q4,.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Edwards, D.S., Preston, J.C., Kennard, J.M., Boreham, C.J., van Aarssen, B.G.K., Summons, R.E. and Zumberge, J.E., 2004, Geochemical Characteristics of Hydrocarbons from the Vulcan Sub-basin, Western Bonaparte Basin, Australia. In: Ellis, G.K., Baillie, P.W. and Munson, T.J., (editors), Timor Sea Petroleum Geoscience, Proceedings of the Timor Sea Symposium, Darwin, 19-20 June 2003. Northern Territory Geological Survey, Special Publication 1, 169-201.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hamilton, W., 1979, Tectonics of the Indonesian Region, Geological Survey Professional Paper 1078, United States Government Printing Office, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jones, W., Tripathi, A., Rajagopal, R. and Williams, A., 2011, Petroleum Prospectivity Of The West Timor Trough, PESA News Resourcdes online.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lee, S. G & Bawden, M., 2011, Exploration Opportunities in the Prolific Bonaparte Basin of the Timor Sea, Spectrum Geo Expro Issue 2, Volume 8, 2011</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Richardson, A.N., Blundell, D.J. 1996 Continental collision in the Banda Arc. In: R. Hall and D.J. Blundell, (Eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia Geological Society of America Special Publication 106, 47-60.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Roberts, G., Christoffersen, T., Ramsden, C., 2011, New Light has been Shed on the Petroleum Potential of the Northern Arafura Shelf area in Eastern Indonesia, by, Spec Partners Ltd; C. Ramsden, Far Cape Pte, in Geo Expro Issue 2, Volume 8, 2011</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stukmeyer, H. I. M. (compiler), 2006, Petroleum Geology of the Arafura & Money Shoal Basins, Geoscience Australia Record 2006/22.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Schulter, H. U. & Fritsch,J., 1985, Geology and Tectonics of the Banda Arc Between Tanimbar Island and Aru Island, Geol Jb. 30, 3-41</span><br />
<br />Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-26688698524409193822008-11-12T22:36:00.009+01:002023-07-18T15:28:12.021+02:00North East Java Basin<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8LvpSLNPus9hPnlMvxlsvR5WPZ_Ge4jUBaAYa0C8ISyun5_vHgs0I4h5tEL4dn4Wk06laFga9emvU-gFlIh000ZpS2274XmFK8V1twFaIfHGchdHaU0IGwu2Bzp9D-nvg6tBpOaDev3_s3ZtqLzcjaTnpSlVxeNNA-syUJF6x2bpKBHo6mBlZMCwdzsSK/s1016/id-east-java-basin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Northeast Java Basin" border="0" data-original-height="972" data-original-width="1016" height="383" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8LvpSLNPus9hPnlMvxlsvR5WPZ_Ge4jUBaAYa0C8ISyun5_vHgs0I4h5tEL4dn4Wk06laFga9emvU-gFlIh000ZpS2274XmFK8V1twFaIfHGchdHaU0IGwu2Bzp9D-nvg6tBpOaDev3_s3ZtqLzcjaTnpSlVxeNNA-syUJF6x2bpKBHo6mBlZMCwdzsSK/w400-h383/id-east-java-basin.jpg" title="Northeast Java Basin" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Basin shows the isochrone contours in Two-Way-Time. The map shows the position of oil and gas fields relative to the depocenters <a href="https://journal.iagi.or.id/index.php/FOSI/article/viewFile/48/19" target="_blank">(Darman & Yuliong, 2020)</a></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Some seismic expression of geological features in NE Java Basin, a back arc basin offshore East Java with significant strike-slip fault system, and horst-graben features.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVEnxlgdnB8gNs2VNxgR_LImDDrhlp9SCN0k3DFxCVj3LqIawpn4q9_5xFWczPWTXu__5Gv8bM8pUgDuJbICZA0I4IQ-tOi5XQJvkVYKNglHS4hMM2UEbsJjbNYoGAsgrekbNuLdq72gfQ/s1600-h/ne-java-7-fugro.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328505509563237026" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVEnxlgdnB8gNs2VNxgR_LImDDrhlp9SCN0k3DFxCVj3LqIawpn4q9_5xFWczPWTXu__5Gv8bM8pUgDuJbICZA0I4IQ-tOi5XQJvkVYKNglHS4hMM2UEbsJjbNYoGAsgrekbNuLdq72gfQ/s400/ne-java-7-fugro.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 281px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a>Fold features in the south of Madura Island. The fold in the centre is not a simple anticline, as it may be cut by faults. (Source: Fugro)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid3fYhfZXqyrD7CiEfpB_c0-Axx1pnEhlLT5tAmZoihUMiEkbWUy-J6VbXHO5eFcKXQvyboWHHA0b7BTBxrcbaD92j6vTSqXX87nQkNlWmplUwH-jQA8Tr5q-wmB68_27m_vwo3lWcplLA/s1600-h/ne-java-6-fugro.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328505308557253506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid3fYhfZXqyrD7CiEfpB_c0-Axx1pnEhlLT5tAmZoihUMiEkbWUy-J6VbXHO5eFcKXQvyboWHHA0b7BTBxrcbaD92j6vTSqXX87nQkNlWmplUwH-jQA8Tr5q-wmB68_27m_vwo3lWcplLA/s400/ne-java-6-fugro.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 294px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
Bright amplitude in the centre are related to topographical high, may indicate carbonate build-ups. The sequences are pinching out to the right, and truncated by a shallower unconformity. (Source: Fugro)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnNEvsv-KPR_KP4O4IO5dE8wqN8qZ0tWRPQWS_Ebi5yO4QWFxBAcA7SGox2qvqmEStF9J171WAUrZP_OGIH3X5nVx-KWQMLDb8K7y2NQF3GJtMPnmzawVHgNZWw16bxpdCeL98XVhTKPRo/s1600-h/fugro-east-java4-seapex.bmp"></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjakxC42-5j57YefI5Nm8KFfTF0z8_oElbOmm-b43w-UGAaLaCb_owTNEJJvL2bhXHeluLc8bo1SmQOIRMK8-3LzvLw1kQEe-wjnFK1gluqrrzJvbYexq5ZVlZS9qUw2jz9VhF9Gey39P6a/s1600-h/ne-java-5-fugro.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328502754312334626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjakxC42-5j57YefI5Nm8KFfTF0z8_oElbOmm-b43w-UGAaLaCb_owTNEJJvL2bhXHeluLc8bo1SmQOIRMK8-3LzvLw1kQEe-wjnFK1gluqrrzJvbYexq5ZVlZS9qUw2jz9VhF9Gey39P6a/s400/ne-java-5-fugro.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 233px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 398px;" /></a> The centre part of the faulted anticline feature is slightly thicker compare to the flank, as several sedimentary packages developed towards the core of the anticline. This indicate that the central of the anticline was a sedimentary pocket, probably created by the fault on the left. At later stage these depocentres were uplifted. (Source: Fugro)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixuiM-EPJsfMOKn9inz92rZgQcmsRsLsZuqarnfe5stdlXLhC0NLy1duNexgXQT5knijdyO959uz-XHEFwESZkfx1fUQXvGJTGBaf_XnZSESA2vfLiBaNaZQJLxGAprBmuDOvSVSAWCYtP/s1600-h/ne-java-3-fugro.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328502544233849218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixuiM-EPJsfMOKn9inz92rZgQcmsRsLsZuqarnfe5stdlXLhC0NLy1duNexgXQT5knijdyO959uz-XHEFwESZkfx1fUQXvGJTGBaf_XnZSESA2vfLiBaNaZQJLxGAprBmuDOvSVSAWCYtP/s400/ne-java-3-fugro.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 291px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
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Carbonate features of Kujung Formation (Source: Fugro)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1pn1EdTb8ILajjAR6x152EGLPeWWPAoxMFzzWj5OJGo-dzKjive9wJU9jQ8jUGEMfev4e3zrfa0HnJUJNPjNeQfCqis3JbHXE6mMvWo6vCSfr776ezY-t2I1aDGBJ0PXM4lU6R4yiIARO/s1600-h/ne-java-2-fugro.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328502309953175362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1pn1EdTb8ILajjAR6x152EGLPeWWPAoxMFzzWj5OJGo-dzKjive9wJU9jQ8jUGEMfev4e3zrfa0HnJUJNPjNeQfCqis3JbHXE6mMvWo6vCSfr776ezY-t2I1aDGBJ0PXM4lU6R4yiIARO/s400/ne-java-2-fugro.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 283px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a></div>
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Slightly rotated faulted blocks at the basin margin (Source: Fugro)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpcd9BV8fMJvaH0xOyL8A3ytFaoJT19BvsxSZsI-wVOJrrxOh_ChyfHCJVRwbnMnhiLZMFR8y4Cw6jgfF-8iT06vrT3xNdFJbzB4539hCyPz7-PvlHIyMWFqyyioqQn-rIE6TwGk464iaE/s1600-h/ne-java-8-pgs.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328505613655824626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpcd9BV8fMJvaH0xOyL8A3ytFaoJT19BvsxSZsI-wVOJrrxOh_ChyfHCJVRwbnMnhiLZMFR8y4Cw6jgfF-8iT06vrT3xNdFJbzB4539hCyPz7-PvlHIyMWFqyyioqQn-rIE6TwGk464iaE/s400/ne-java-8-pgs.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 180px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a>Steep-dipping Kujung carbonate reef flanks, indicated by arrows. (Source: PGS)<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7u2EY4MIaRoHN5CMj4jNYv6wCDYhgk1uB_r7NAAMpNGNgUQpRsnucZ0HKcGEpDaIVKZfWD_HP4EZCtMJLu-X9tByroZFCsC-VaW6W7lWJOcAAZbGSGT1xCqz_rRibYOBk5O_tqOpHmgqs/s1600-h/ne-java-9-pgs.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328505733519199906" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7u2EY4MIaRoHN5CMj4jNYv6wCDYhgk1uB_r7NAAMpNGNgUQpRsnucZ0HKcGEpDaIVKZfWD_HP4EZCtMJLu-X9tByroZFCsC-VaW6W7lWJOcAAZbGSGT1xCqz_rRibYOBk5O_tqOpHmgqs/s400/ne-java-9-pgs.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 222px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a>Time slice at 0.15s TWT showing complex meandering channel system. Horizontal scale scale is about 15 km. (Long and Johansen, 2003; data source: PGS)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf9Rj1SO5MDSg1JmFV-MILkTRQuRG7H2SHX5E3ATmY-I_F3gl8c07xmlaE-OB5uyIua6smwGJQuVoDOm3qUtejAbBASscA0hnH7Xc0UC5CW1al-T2LNgX3eSYtIEviEv0RPknTNHAa7CT_/s1600-h/ne-java-10-pgs.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328505856970958930" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf9Rj1SO5MDSg1JmFV-MILkTRQuRG7H2SHX5E3ATmY-I_F3gl8c07xmlaE-OB5uyIua6smwGJQuVoDOm3qUtejAbBASscA0hnH7Xc0UC5CW1al-T2LNgX3eSYtIEviEv0RPknTNHAa7CT_/s400/ne-java-10-pgs.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 222px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a>Time slice at 1.0 s TWT showing the carbonate features. The diameter of the karst feature is probably less than 1 km. (Long and Johansen, 2003; data source: PGS)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0H7AQcH2b6nGB8upr-kM46QvZFwWGSJrQpBWLtVkURBmgtMnr-gpv-g6FzIgMY4q_DxZ0RLeZg4Q-RaoLHW7ntNFmhqgCNn1b0xdTeYSf3vgM9fChHk3aPMlVO8VkxuP6xn2dIx-OuMvZ/s1600-h/ne-java-11-pgs.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328505956040740242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0H7AQcH2b6nGB8upr-kM46QvZFwWGSJrQpBWLtVkURBmgtMnr-gpv-g6FzIgMY4q_DxZ0RLeZg4Q-RaoLHW7ntNFmhqgCNn1b0xdTeYSf3vgM9fChHk3aPMlVO8VkxuP6xn2dIx-OuMvZ/s400/ne-java-11-pgs.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 318px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 400px;" /></a>3D perspective of the Top Kujung surface about 1.0 s TWT, revelas the density and complex distribution of carbonates throughout the HDMC3D survey area. (Long and Johansen, 2003; data source: PGS)<br />
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Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-25995274329490792072008-11-12T22:35:00.004+01:002014-04-19T23:01:39.580+02:00Arafura Sea<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQvOxcInnJwyGJFlO8bTnLWJkqQD1KdEpBji_-3D0S-ZBwHhd09Sru_UeRuCVviELV0Rm0xflgk6PC2F6Dnpo2M65G17KZRSbDrwNZ6xcMHWhFhFcLlxdSPrZDVsEhKiLqZUxcHlU42iGs/s1600/pgs-arafura-seismic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQvOxcInnJwyGJFlO8bTnLWJkqQD1KdEpBji_-3D0S-ZBwHhd09Sru_UeRuCVviELV0Rm0xflgk6PC2F6Dnpo2M65G17KZRSbDrwNZ6xcMHWhFhFcLlxdSPrZDVsEhKiLqZUxcHlU42iGs/s1600/pgs-arafura-seismic.jpg" height="112" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Arafura seismic section (PGS)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">A major unconformity in Arafura Sea is shown on PGS seismic line. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR_ds-Jc_sfsg74hKn_ypSCm88Zbt2c0lPOu92Gy9B-gD8hTsA9gLhCjE074_a7FV3AY7OHYOCFXT5gEPSwK0jNsQsbJzkcHgLyQw02rtWVYSIuTcb2OzEncNvaExq7mR_nhQMIyH0AQuc/s1600/ion-arafura-seismic-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR_ds-Jc_sfsg74hKn_ypSCm88Zbt2c0lPOu92Gy9B-gD8hTsA9gLhCjE074_a7FV3AY7OHYOCFXT5gEPSwK0jNsQsbJzkcHgLyQw02rtWVYSIuTcb2OzEncNvaExq7mR_nhQMIyH0AQuc/s1600/ion-arafura-seismic-1.jpg" height="120" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arafura seismic section (ION)</td></tr>
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ION deep seismic (~40 km) indicated a deep feature below a relatively flat and shallow bathymetry in Arafura Sea.<br />
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<b>Australian Sector of Arafura Sea</b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPG_Du6zgasl-LWNirygJni0Kro9YLdvubFnNudZWJQhtuLJjjLZWWY1Nq284qimd91W5KAf0Gup3OGDKz1AtYhRQzMWRDULkUFVptby4F3TB2HR3ySafZFEx1gzrVZfg7ym164WN9ZpCt/s1600/arafura-stratigraphy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPG_Du6zgasl-LWNirygJni0Kro9YLdvubFnNudZWJQhtuLJjjLZWWY1Nq284qimd91W5KAf0Gup3OGDKz1AtYhRQzMWRDULkUFVptby4F3TB2HR3ySafZFEx1gzrVZfg7ym164WN9ZpCt/s1600/arafura-stratigraphy.jpg" height="200" width="180" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stratigraphy of Arafura Sea (Source:<br />
Goverment of Australia, Geoscience Asutralia)</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA6kaECRwRxjp7mlU1GK2PkxV4p4xnBv77btrRN7hhcslsBJzbtVKDaRx5r2BqRnAzRm1PTxF7IHvZmt0IJ-reha3G4Mr2bV8R4J-auU2slkPrhibQzkWvkfUvRoAkvLJKnnqncOksGAWj/s1600/arafura-map-australia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA6kaECRwRxjp7mlU1GK2PkxV4p4xnBv77btrRN7hhcslsBJzbtVKDaRx5r2BqRnAzRm1PTxF7IHvZmt0IJ-reha3G4Mr2bV8R4J-auU2slkPrhibQzkWvkfUvRoAkvLJKnnqncOksGAWj/s1600/arafura-map-australia.jpg" height="294" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sediment thickness map of the Australian sector of Arafura Sea<br />
(Source: Goverment of Australia, Geoscience Asutralia)</td></tr>
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There are probably more seismic and wells in the Australian sector of Arafura Sea. Based on the well data, the Australian Goverment - Geoscience Ausralia has prepared a stratigraphic scheme of the Arafura Sea.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZHwyl6Yw1RExp2dWGjHR4ANnNYBMKl7Kg5zF36Ermg4AEagRGyOPebt9-plRAznfX2cNhhq7aJJMhG3eJNXC78xehAP1stjl_VQ09FHffglsYov5DJkuChbXbdVVlgobS6Kf7wqHo-Lcl/s1600/veritas-arafura-seismic-australia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZHwyl6Yw1RExp2dWGjHR4ANnNYBMKl7Kg5zF36Ermg4AEagRGyOPebt9-plRAznfX2cNhhq7aJJMhG3eJNXC78xehAP1stjl_VQ09FHffglsYov5DJkuChbXbdVVlgobS6Kf7wqHo-Lcl/s1600/veritas-arafura-seismic-australia.jpg" height="109" width="200" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwnumGm05lUyKOtAl0Ij9CPHIWkn_HRNY6bqzAbqWW6V9WSOwuL3t2haxmhz8HlVfaNZBTJCjT7ls-PhTUyZYL2IOFAWNZ2eTz_N55qlRYLA8bMIXoi4UiUpV1FVRByRS4Ine3EdDe9AL_/s1600/veritas-arafura-seismic-australia-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwnumGm05lUyKOtAl0Ij9CPHIWkn_HRNY6bqzAbqWW6V9WSOwuL3t2haxmhz8HlVfaNZBTJCjT7ls-PhTUyZYL2IOFAWNZ2eTz_N55qlRYLA8bMIXoi4UiUpV1FVRByRS4Ine3EdDe9AL_/s1600/veritas-arafura-seismic-australia-2.jpg" height="138" width="200" /></a><br />
The interpretation of these seismic lines indicated Paleozoic to Proterozoic interval of stratigraphy.Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884423839682351265.post-8628191655978874252008-11-12T22:35:00.003+01:002014-04-19T12:37:17.118+02:00Northwest Java Basin (still empty)Darmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02782732581537482284noreply@blogger.com0